... Low Polar Orbit . ... Different types of satellite orbits have different uses: while the synchronous orbit is best for communication satellites, Lagrangian point orbits help monitor the solar wind before it reaches Earth. ... Many spacecraft use such orbits, e.g. the US Air Force surveillance satellites of the DMSP series, or the series of French Earth-resources spacecraft SPOT . ... If the satellite then starts near a noon-midnight orbit, it will always pass near noon and near midnight. ...

... Spacecraft . ... To space by cannon? Finally, the deep space explorers --spacecraft which break away from the Earth's gravity . ... The "Luna" series of the USSR conducted 7 soft landing of unmanned probes, two of them with wheeled robotic "Lunokhods," and two of those missions returned samples to Earth. Others spacecraft have visited the major planets of the Solar system. ... The Mariner series have explored Venus and Mars--and Mariner 10 even reached Mercury, for three separate encounters! ...

... HST . ... Missions . ... Data . ... Hubble Heritage Project . Future Missions and . ... HST Overview . Overview . ... Cycle 24 Announcement . ... Retrieving HST Data . ... Figure 6.1: - The Hubble Space Telescope and its components. ... Figure 6.2: - The focal plane of HST and the definitions of the V2, V3, U2, and U3 axes in the coordinate system of the spacecraft. Figure 6.3: - Locations of GHRS apertures relative to spacecraft axes. ... Figure 6.4: - Optical Schematic of the GHRS. ...

... May 4, 1999 . Magnetic Mars . Credit: Jack Connerney, Mario Acuna, Carol Ladd, MGS , NASA . Explanation: Mapping Mars from orbit, instruments on the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft have recently revealed banded magnetic field patterns - a startling and unanticipated suggestion that the Red Planet was more Earth-like in its distant past. ... As the crustal plates spread apart along the mid-ocean ridges , they carry a progressive banded record of Earth's changing magnetic field. ...

... The experience of determination of the link between radio sources and dynamical reference frames is presented. To obtain this connection we used a series of very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of the spacecraft Phobos-2 and angularly nearby quasars. ... The dynamical reference frame is determined by equator and equinox of these ephemerides. ... References . ... The relative orientation of the radio and dynamical reference frames can be described by a sequence of three rotations . ...

... Eros Encounter Nears . ... After an unanticipated extra trip around the Sun, the NEAR spacecraft is now politely approaching asteroid 433, Eros, at a respectful relative speed of about 20 miles per hour. ... In the left corner, wearing a red nucleus surrounded by blue spiral arms, is M81. ... Rings Around Beta Pictoris . ... NEAR to Asteroid Eros . ... On December 23, 1998 the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft flew by asteroid 433 Eros. ... Abell 2218: A Galaxy Cluster Lens . ...

This widget allows you to offset the telescope. ... Offset type : one of "Object Arc", "Object Arc XY" or "Boresight". ... This is motion on the sky or instrument, so don't worry about cos(dec). ... If you want to move that point (e.g. center your object along a different bit of the slit), then use a boresight offset. ... Note that a +X object xy offset will move the sky in the -X direction on the focal plane, because you are centering something in the +X direction on the boresight. ...

... 7 Comments None 3 0.1 1 10 normalized counts/sec/keV Black (qe16) Red (qe17) 1ES0102 REV 0065 MOS2 1 0.2 0.5 -100 -50 0 sign(d-m)*C channel energy (keV) Figure 3: As previous figure, but for MOS2 4 0 10 20 30 40 0.5­2.0 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 statistical basis: 117 observations relative flux in different bands [Joined fit = 1] pn MOS1 MOS2 RGS1 RGS2 xmmsas_20060628_1801­7.0.0_ccf_pub 0 10 20 30 2.0­10.0 0.6 0.8 ...

... January 29, 1998 . The Earth-Moon System . Credit: NEAR Spacecraft Team , JHUAPL , NASA . Explanation: This evocative mosaic image of the Earth-Moon system was recorded by NASA's Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft earlier this month. ... During this recent flyby of the Earth-Moon system , the NEAR spacecraft used Earth's gravity to deflect it towards its ultimate destination, the Asteroid 433 Eros. It is scheduled to arrive at Eros in January 1999. ... About APOD > . ...

... Home About Meade Product Information Dealer Locator Customer Support Investor Relations Dealer Support Employment Opportunities Site Map . Meade Instruments Corp. ... Meade Autostar Supplementary Software Downloads . ... To upgrade your Autostar first click on the link below to download the Autostar Update (ASU) Client Application for Windows. ... The most recent versions of AutoStar Update automatically check for the newest versions of the AutoStar Updater and download it if necessary. ...

... One of the instruments, the Troughton equatorial telescope, is maintained at constant temperature and relative humidity, to reduce the rate of deterioration. ... 3.1 Troughton Equatorial Telescope . Figure 1 shows the equatorial telescope constructed by J E Troughton of London and which was erected in the west dome of Armagh Observatory in 1795. ... Troughton, J. E.: c.1790, Instructions for Adjusting the Troughton Equatorial Telescope, Armagh Observatory Archives , M17.2, 3pp. ...

... Data Handling and Products > Data Reduction FAQ > I derived quantities related to the performance of an instrument. How do I know whether these numbers are "normal"? ... Observing with ESO Telescopes . ... Instrument Pipelines . ... ESO-MIDAS . ... ESO Data . ... Related External Services . ... The quality control group at ESO monitors a variety of instrument parameters such as zeropoints, efficiencies, read-out noise, etc. ... http://www.eso.org/observing/dfo/quality/ <INSTRUMENT> /qc/qc1.html . ...

... Early on, our interest in chirping analysis functions was motivated by a different kind of chirping phenomenon: chirping due to perspective. ... Our interest in radar, however, drew us toward processes that are more accurately analyzed by linear-FM chirplets. ... We have also constructed other chirplet transforms, such as a three-parameter Doppler chirplet representation that models a source producing a sinusoidal wave, while moving along a straight line (e.g. a train whistle). ...

GRANAT is the Russian x-ray sattelite launched to the high apogee orbit (200,000 km) and operated almost for 10 years (1989 -1999) , carrying out four major instruments: French SIGMA coded-mask hard x-ray telescope (30-1000 keV), Soviet ART-P coded-mask telescope (2??-60?? keV), all-sky monitor WATCH (6-150 keV), and a gamma-burst detector PHEBUS . ... Since September 1994, GRANAT is in the survey mode. ... Explore pages devoted to individual GRANAT instruments (including main scientific results): . ...

... Bad Astronomy . ... Bitesize Astronomy . ... Bad Astro Store . ... Site Info . ... It is from from Voyager 1 and shows a whopping big impact crater dominating the profile of the moon. Note that Mimas is about 400 kilometers across (about 250 miles). ... The wall around the crater is 5 kilometers high, and that central peak rises 6 kilometers above the surface (many impact craters have a large central peak which is caused by a pressure rebound from the impact). ... 2008 Phil Plait. ...

Interball-Tail Magnetic field measurements . Magnetic field measurements on-board the Interball Tail Probe are carried out by the FM-3I and MIF instruments. ... FM-3 M2 magnetometer failed in February 1996, FM-3 M1 and MIF are working until now. Data presented here are the combination of the data of all magnetometers. First of all FM-3 M1 data are used, if they are absent, MIF data used and if data of both magnetometer are absent, FM-3 M2 data presented. ...

... Samara State Aerospace University Research Research and education centers Space Instruments Engineering Institute (IKP-214) . ... Developing and producing experimental test sets for modelling space environment factors interaction with spacecraft structural elements. ... Basic technolgy research set for testing equipment and interconnecting systems and small spacecraft carrying breadboard design, dynamic, thermal vacuum testing and testing of electronic equipment for electromagnetic compatibility. ...

... Observers looking at an object that is moving away from them see light that has a longer wavelength than it had when it was emitted (a redshift), while observers looking at an approaching source see light that is shifted to shorter wavelength (a blueshift). ... By measuring the amount of the shift to the red, we can determine that the bright galaxy is moving away at 3,000 km/sec, which is 1 percent of the speed of light, because its lines are shifted in wavelength by 1 percent to the red. ... Part 2...

... They are concerned with Attitude Control System of the spacecraft, satellite visibility from tracking stations, limits on the satellite autonomous operations during the orbit, and needs for auxiliary operations with the spacecraft. ... Among the operational constraints the most important one is the number of programmed slews per orbit, which determines the maximum number of radio sources to be observed during one orbit. ... System temperature (K) . ... Progress of the RadioAstron Project in Pictures...

Next: A Universal Diagram for Up: ``Ecology'' of Magnetic Rotators Previous: The Corotation Radius . The interaction of a magnetic rotator with the surrounding plasma to a large extent depends on the relation between the four characteristic radii: the stopping radius, , the gravitational capture radius,   , the light cylinder radius,   , and the corotation radius,   . ... Hence, the classification of the interaction regimes may well mean the classification of magnetic rotators. ...