A full explanation of the motion of trapped particles would be too abstract and mathematical for this level, but some basic ideas may be described on an intuitive level. The magnetic force on a moving particle is always perpendicular to the motion, as well as to the magnetic field lines. That is why the basic pattern is motion in a circle, around a magnetic field line. ... The best-known periodic motion is the back-and-forth swing of a pendulum, say of a weight suspended by a string (drawing). ...

... Files in red?history) . ... Trapped Motion . ... 10a. Particle Drift . ... Fast Particles . ... The fact charged particles circle around field lines was well known to J.J. Thomson when he experimented with electron and ion beams in a magnetic field. ... The notion of adiabatic invariance is tied with the early years of quantum theory. ... By about1910, physicists realized that these patterns indicated changes in the laws of physics as one approached atomic dimensions. ...

So the evidence for Dark Matter is fairly overwhelming. ... Theory: if the Universe is closed then all the luminous matter seen in galaxies contributes only 0.5% of the mass required to eventually halt the expansion . ... This means that galaxies are surrounded by dark matter halos which trapped baryonic gas (e.g. hydrogen) and turned it into stars. ... WIMPS - weakly interacting massive particles created in the extremely early universe . ... Theory 99% of the Universe is Dark Matter . ...

... Star Atlas . ... Gravitational wave search provides insights into galaxy evolution and mergers . ... galaxies . ... The double star 54 Leonis, spiral galaxy NGC 3198, and emission nebula NGC 3199 . ... Astronomy for Kids . ... Dave's Universe . ... Everything around us is spinning: particles, planets, stars, galaxies. ... Planets rotate, as do stars and galaxies. ... Get instant access to subscriber content on Astronomy.com! ... If you are already registered on Astronomy.com, please log in below. ...

Astronotes Armagh Planetarium's Stellar Blog! ... Solar System . ... Moon . ... Comets and Asteroids . ... What changed our view of Chariklo is the discovery of a ring system around it, the first such feature found around a Solar System body smaller than a gas giant planet. ... Almost certainly the rings were born when a collision with a smaller asteroid blasted millions of tonnes of debris off CharikloтАЩs surface. ... A ring system detected around the Centaur (10199) Chariklo (Braga-Rigas et al.) ...

Blackholes2 Forum Message . ... Time Particles - And The Lack There Of. ... There is no such thing as time. ... For example time travel isn't possible really. ... The whole idea that travelling faster than light will send you back in time is more than ridiculous. ... No such thing as time, no so such thing as time travel or time particals. ... www.astronomy.net . ... Forum posts are Copyright their authors as specified in the heading above the post. "dbHTML," "AstroGuide," "ASTRONOMY.NET" & "VA.NET" . ...

... Running Red Rings Around Jupiter . ... Credit: J. Rayner ( U. Hawaii ), NSFCAM , IRTF , NASA Explanation: Jupiter has rings, too. Unlike Saturn's bright rings which are composed of chunks of ice, Jupiter's rings are darker and appear to consist of fine particles of rock. ... Quite visible are Jupiter's rings , bands and spots in the outer atmosphere . ... Публикации с ключевыми словами: Jupiter - Юпитер - спутники Юпитера - кольца планет . ... Облака Юпитера: вид с аппарата Новые Горизонты . ...

... February 5, 1997 . Running Red Rings Around Jupiter . ... Explanation : Jupiter has rings, too. Unlike Saturn's bright rings which are composed of chunks of ice, Jupiter's rings are darker and appear to consist of fine particles of rock. ... Quite visible are Jupiter's rings , bands and spots in the outer atmosphere . ... The origin of Jupiter's rings remains unknown , although hypothesized to be created by material scattered from meteorite impacts onto Jupiter's moons . ... About APOD > . ...

From: TerryMosel aol.com Date: Tue, 20 Apr 2004 18:47:41 EDT Subject: Sunspot, Comets, AGM, Rocks Around The North Hi all, 1. ... It might be as bright as 3rd magnitude on Thur morning (22nd), but still very low, and as already noted it will fade rapidly just as it climbs higher into a darker sky each morning. ... For you astronomer - geologists: Mike Simms asked me to circulate these details: Hi Terry, Here are details of the Rocks Around the North events. ... Terry Moseley . ...

... In a solar prominence, charged particles stream up from the Sun, spiraling around magnetic field structures poking out of the solar surface, and ultimately fall back along those structures into the Sun. ... As evolution would predict, animals' eyes sense the colors of light emitted most strongly by the Sun. ... The tiny Moon can completely cover the disk of the Sun, blocking most of the emitted visible light, and reveal the Sun's faint outer atmosphere called the corona...a mass of incandescent gas ...

... Would you say the space between your eyes and your hand is empty? ... This means it s completely empty, without a single particle of gas or speck of dust. ... However, while much of the Universe is a vacuum, there are patches which aren t. These are places where cosmic gas and dust that floats between the stars in a galaxy. ... But ISM material clumps together over time forming larger, heavier blobs of gas and dust until they make a big cloud in space, like the one in this photograph. ...

The radiation belts around the planets are the interrnal regions of planets' magnetospheres where the own magnetic field of a planet keeps the charged particles (protons and electrons) having the great kinetic energy. ... They usually distinguish the Earth's internal and external radiation belts. the internal radiation belt of the Earth has the maximum particles density (mainly protones) over the equator in the height of 22 thousand km. ... Jupiter and Saturn have the powerful radiation belts. ...

... Ryoanji Temple and around. d01. Pond in the garden of Ryoan-ji temple, where Rock Garden is. d02. In the Ryoan-ji temple garden. d03. The trees, moss and rocks look like handpainted. ... In the garden. d05. In the garden. d06. Ryoan-ji Rock Garden. ... Ryoan-ji Rock Garden. d11. Ryoan-ji Rock Garden. d12. Ryoan-ji temple, inner yard. d13. Ryoan-ji Rock Garden. d14. ... In the forest, on the hill near the temple. d17. In the forest, on the hill near the temple. ...

... Bad Astronomy . Misconceptions . ... Bad Astronomy : The Moon only shows one face to us because it is not rotating. Better astronomy : The Moon only shows one face because it is rotating, once every time it revolves around the Earth. ... Place the Moon model on the table about 30 centimeters (one foot) away with the X facing the Earth model. ... You'll see that to keep the X facing the Earth model, you have to rotate the Moon model as it goes around the Earth model . ... 2008 Phil Plait. ...

... Research . ... The Research Activity of Pasquale Blasi is centered around the study of non-thermal phenomena in Nature, ranging from basic theory of Particle Acceleration in Astrophysics to the origin of Cosmic Rays, from dark matter signals to particle acceleration during the formation of the large scale structure of the Universe. ... Shakti P. Duggal Award, by the International Union for Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) in 2003 for research on the origin of Cosmic rays. ... Graduate Students . ...

... These trajectories have an initial flight from the Earth to a large distance (of about 1.5 million km), the following passive flight to the Moon's orbit, an approach to the Moon with a decrease of an energy of a particle (spacecraft) selenocentric motion to a negative value and the temporary capture in an elliptic orbit of the Moon's satellite. ... Several trajectories of this type are determined. ... Ivashkin V. V. On optimal trajectories of space flight to the Moon in the Earth--Moon--Sun system. ...

Next: Standard orientation Up: Preprocessing Previous: Bias correction . In a similar manner, long dark exposures of the same exposure time can be averaged to produce the DARK frames. ... Use the command COMPUTE/IMAGE to multiply the images by the exposure time and to add back the value for FLAT_BKG . ... Often, BIAS and DARK contain no large - scale structure. ... The commands AVERAGE/IMAGE and AVERAGE/WEIGHT offer number of options to compare the images and filter particle hits. ...

What's new at the DOP? ... What is in the database? ... i) original codes realizing different methods to calculate the optical properties of non-spherical (inhomogeneous) particles; . ii) reviews of exact and approximate methods of light scattering theory ; . iii) a database of several tausends references to papers on various aspects of light-scattering theory and its applications; . ... vi) a self-training algorithm of determination of the optical properties of fractal-like clusters; . ...

... High-velocity clouds (HVCs) were discovered by Muller, Oort & Raimond (1963) in the 21-cm line emission of neutral, atomic hydrogen. They are gas clouds which are characterised by high radial velocities incompatible with a participation in the rotation of our Galaxy. ... This suggestion was seized by Braun & Burton (1999) who identified 66 compact high-velocity clouds (CHVCs) with positional and kinematic characteristics being compatible with a distribution across the entire Local Group. ...

... HUBBLE UNCOVERS DUST DISK AROUND A MASSIVE BLACK HOLE . Resembling a gigantic hubcap in space, a 3,700 light-year-diameter dust disk encircles a 300 million solar-mass black hole in the center of the elliptical galaxy NGC 7052. ... Because the jets in NGC 7052 are not perpendicular to the disk, it may indicate that the black hole and the dust disk in NGC 7052 do not have a common origin. ... NGC 7052 is located in the constellation of Vulpecula, 191 million light-years from Earth. ...