... Energy . ... The free ions and electrons in a plasma behave the same way. Knowing the temperature of the high atmosphere of Earth, or that of the Sun, we can calculate energies expected of ions and electrons found there. However, ions and electrons actually observed in space are often much, much more energetic, and may move at a respectable fraction of the velocity of light (300,000 km/sec or 186,000 miles/sec). ... Typical energy of an electron in the polar aurora. 40,000 ev . ... 50,000 ev . ...

... Bad Astronomy . ... Mad Science . ... The color of light is determined by the wavelength: the long wavelengths make red light, somewhat shorter makes yellow, shorter even than that makes blue. ... The red light gets reflected by the shirt and into your eye. ... A perfect mirror does actually reflect all light hitting it. ... A mirror, on the other hand, reflects the blue and red light in the same direction, and so the mirror actually builds an image of the source of the light. ... 2008 Phil Plait. ...

... ESO is building what will be the World's largest optical telescope array, The Very Large Telescope (VLT). The VLT Project organisation is responsible for the design and construction of the Unit Telescopes, including enclosures, optics, adapter-rotators and coating unit. ... Unit Telescopes Overview - This page is outdated, an update is in process. ... Secondary mirror (M2 Unit) - This page is outdated, an update is in process. ... Coating Unit - This page is outdated, an update is in process. ...

Villains and Heroes of Lights and Lighting Fixtures . If we are to reduce the effects of light pollution, we must learn about the types, both good and bad, of fixtures used in outdoor lighting. ... In fact, this type of fixture is often chosen for this very reason. ... Although these lamps are not very energy efficient, and they are often found in older, inefficient fixtures that enhance light pollution, they still exist in great abundance in most locations and are still sold by the millions. ...

... Reflection Nebula NGC 1435 . ... Reflection nebulae reflect light from a nearby star. ... The blue color typical of reflection nebula is caused by blue light being more efficiently scattered by the carbon dust than red light. ... In this picture, the seemingly familiar teardrop-shaped object just right of center is actually an unusually situated disk of gas and dust. ... Ominously foreshadowing events to come, a dark cloud of obscuring dust stands out against a luminous star field in the Milky Way. ...

... Energy . ... The free ions and electrons in a plasma behave the same way. Knowing the temperature of the high atmosphere of Earth, or that of the Sun, we can calculate energies expected of ions and electrons found there. However, ions and electrons actually observed in space are often much, much more energetic, and may move at a respectable fraction of the velocity of light (300,000 km/sec or 186,000 miles/sec). ... Typical energy of an electron in the polar aurora. 40,000 ev . ... 50,000 ev . ...

... STScI-PRC98-18 AN INFRARED VIEW OF SATURN In honor of NASA Hubble Space Telescope's eighth anniversary, we have gift wrapped Saturn in vivid colors. ... This view provides detailed information on the clouds and hazes in Saturn's atmosphere. ... The green and yellow colors indicate a haze above the main cloud layer. ... Red clouds are even higher than orange clouds. ... This Saturn image was taken at longer infrared wavelengths of 1.0, 1.8, and 2.1 micrometers, displayed as blue, green, and red. ...

... 2006 March 5 . Colorful Light Pillars . ... In most places on Earth, a lucky viewer can see a Sun-pillar , a column of light appearing to extend up from the Sun caused by flat fluttering ice-crystals reflecting sunlight from the upper atmosphere. ... During freezing temperatures, however, flat fluttering ice crystals may form near the ground in a form of light snow, sometimes known as a crystal fog. These ice crystals may then reflect ground lights in columns not unlike a Sun-pillar . ...

Participant 5 (P5) ================== Dr. V.P. Tishk