... Energy . ... The free ions and electrons in a plasma behave the same way. Knowing the temperature of the high atmosphere of Earth, or that of the Sun, we can calculate energies expected of ions and electrons found there. However, ions and electrons actually observed in space are often much, much more energetic, and may move at a respectable fraction of the velocity of light (300,000 km/sec or 186,000 miles/sec). ... Typical energy of an electron in the polar aurora. 40,000 ev . ... 50,000 ev . ...

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• The Motion of Magnetically Trapped Particles -- History
• The Sun's Corona
• Electromagnetic Waves

... Bad Astronomy . ... Mad Science . ... The color of light is determined by the wavelength: the long wavelengths make red light, somewhat shorter makes yellow, shorter even than that makes blue. ... The red light gets reflected by the shirt and into your eye. ... A perfect mirror does actually reflect all light hitting it. ... A mirror, on the other hand, reflects the blue and red light in the same direction, and so the mirror actually builds an image of the source of the light. ... 2008 Phil Plait. ...

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• Phil Plait's Bad Astronomy: Bad News
• Phil Plait's Bad Astronomy: Misconceptions
• Phil Plait's Bad Astronomy: Bitesize Astronomy

... ESO is building what will be the World's largest optical telescope array, The Very Large Telescope (VLT). The VLT Project organisation is responsible for the design and construction of the Unit Telescopes, including enclosures, optics, adapter-rotators and coating unit. ... Unit Telescopes Overview - This page is outdated, an update is in process. ... Secondary mirror (M2 Unit) - This page is outdated, an update is in process. ... Coating Unit - This page is outdated, an update is in process. ...

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Villains and Heroes of Lights and Lighting Fixtures . If we are to reduce the effects of light pollution, we must learn about the types, both good and bad, of fixtures used in outdoor lighting. ... In fact, this type of fixture is often chosen for this very reason. ... Although these lamps are not very energy efficient, and they are often found in older, inefficient fixtures that enhance light pollution, they still exist in great abundance in most locations and are still sold by the millions. ...

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• ASP: Black Holes to Blackboards: Seeing the Light
• ASP: Beacons in the Gloom
• ASP: Making a Rainbow

... Reflection Nebula NGC 1435 . ... Reflection nebulae reflect light from a nearby star. ... The blue color typical of reflection nebula is caused by blue light being more efficiently scattered by the carbon dust than red light. ... In this picture, the seemingly familiar teardrop-shaped object just right of center is actually an unusually situated disk of gas and dust. ... Ominously foreshadowing events to come, a dark cloud of obscuring dust stands out against a luminous star field in the Milky Way. ...

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... Energy . ... The free ions and electrons in a plasma behave the same way. Knowing the temperature of the high atmosphere of Earth, or that of the Sun, we can calculate energies expected of ions and electrons found there. However, ions and electrons actually observed in space are often much, much more energetic, and may move at a respectable fraction of the velocity of light (300,000 km/sec or 186,000 miles/sec). ... Typical energy of an electron in the polar aurora. 40,000 ev . ... 50,000 ev . ...

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• (S-6) Seeing the Sun in a New Light
• The Motion of Magnetically Trapped Particles -- History
• The Sun's Corona

... STScI-PRC98-18 AN INFRARED VIEW OF SATURN In honor of NASA Hubble Space Telescope's eighth anniversary, we have gift wrapped Saturn in vivid colors. ... This view provides detailed information on the clouds and hazes in Saturn's atmosphere. ... The green and yellow colors indicate a haze above the main cloud layer. ... Red clouds are even higher than orange clouds. ... This Saturn image was taken at longer infrared wavelengths of 1.0, 1.8, and 2.1 micrometers, displayed as blue, green, and red. ...

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• http://www.arcetri.astro.it/~palla/ANDREAIMMAGINI/ISM/turtle.txt
• Educator's Guide to Micrometeorites
• What is a Comet?

... 2006 March 5 . Colorful Light Pillars . ... In most places on Earth, a lucky viewer can see a Sun-pillar , a column of light appearing to extend up from the Sun caused by flat fluttering ice-crystals reflecting sunlight from the upper atmosphere. ... During freezing temperatures, however, flat fluttering ice crystals may form near the ground in a form of light snow, sometimes known as a crystal fog. These ice crystals may then reflect ground lights in columns not unlike a Sun-pillar . ...

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• APOD: 2002 September 2 - Colorful Light Pillars
• APOD: 2009 October 29 - Zodiacal Light Over Laguna Verde
• SN 1989B Light Curve Analysis.

Participant 5 (P5) ================== Dr. V.P. Tishkovets - Astronomical Observatory, Kharkov University, UA Dr. N.N. Kiselev - Astronomical Observatory, Kharkov University, UA P.V. Litvinov - 26 years old; Astronomical Observatory, Kharkov University, UA S.A. Beletsky - 28 years old; Astronomical Observatory, Kharkov University, UA The head of the team, Dr. Tishkovets, and Mr. Litvinov made many investigations of light scattering by clusters of particles - analogues of interplanetary dust grains. ...

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• http://www.astro.spbu.ru/staff/ilin2/INTAS/P3-SPB1/CONF/ABSTR/fip-opc.txt
• INTAS project 99/652: Publications
• Model of clusters

Stellarium 0.12.3 . ... Classes . ... FileљStructure . ... Atmosphere Class Reference . ... More... #include < Atmosphere.hpp > . voidљ . computeColor (double JD, Vec3d _sunPos, Vec3d moonPos, float moonPhase, StelCore *core, float eclipseFac, float latitude=45.f, float altitude=200.f, float temperature=15.f, float relativeHumidity=40.f) . ... Get fade in/out duration in seconds. ... getFlagShow () const . ... getFadeIntensity (void) const . ... Definition at line 40 of file Atmosphere.hpp . ...

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• Stellarium: StelLight Struct Reference

... The eleven years cycle of Sun's activity is approaching its maximum! From August 24th to 29th a team of astronomers, engineers and astro-photographers will travel to southern Greenland to observe the Northern Lights (Aurora Borealis), a phenomenon expected to be particularly spectacular during this period. ... Auroras . The wonderful celestial spectacle of the aurora occurs when very energetic particles from the Sun reach the Earth's atmosphere via the solar wind. ... About GLORIA . ...

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We present results of new Monte Carlo calculations made with the DIRTY code of radiative transfer of stellar and scattered radiation for a dusty giant late-type galaxy like the Milky Way, which illustrate the effect of the attenuation of stellar light by internal dust on the integrated photometry of the individual bulge and disk components. ... In addition, we find that the structure of the dusty ISM affects more sensitively the observed magnitudes than the observed colors of both bulge and disk. ...

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• The Hubble Deep Field - scattered light subtraction
• John H. Debes
• Observing Faint Targets Near Bright Objects

. The Hubble Space Telescope's Advanced Camera for Surveys made these images, which directly show dusty disks around two stars. AU Microscopii (left) lies 32 light-years from Earth. HD 170146 is 88 light-years distant. The blue and red colors in the images provide the size of the dust particles. Blue indicates particles approximately 1/20,000mm in diameter, and red reveals particles 10 times larger, about 1/2,000mm across. NASA / ESA / STScI / JHU

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• Hubble finds a true blue planet | Astronomy.com
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• Radiation flashes crack cosmic mystery | Astronomy.com

... Image Quality of the VLT . Total Optical Control . First light for the ESO VLT unit telescope 1 occurred during the workshop. ... The image shown (Figure 1 ) here was obtained with the VLT on May 16, 1998, in red light (R band), i.e. while the mirror was still uncoated. ... In this diagram (FIgure 2), the measured image quality of the VLT UT1 astronomical images is plotted versus the ``seeing", as measured by the Seeing Monitor, a small telescope also located on top of the Paranal Mountain. ...

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... Sencart 5M 5050 LED Rope Light . Brand: SENCART . ... LED Type: SMD-5050 . ... Suitable for: 1, shopping malls, jewelry stores, brand chain for counter lighting. 2, exhibition hall, showcase, cabinet, museums, shops, home improvement light tanks. 3, bars, hotels, KTV, entertainment and leisur . ... Package Contents: 1 x Sencart 5M LED Strip, 1 x Mini controller (with 1 x CR2025 Cell Battery), 1 x AC Power Adapter ( EU Plug, Cable Length: 80cm) . Авторские бусы из агата(имитация), хрусталя. ...

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• История России. XIX век. 8 класс. Контурные карты 12296407 Пижама Passion
• Кроссовки STATES PERF PACK - Puma - Puma Комплект постельного белья, евро
• Укороченная куртка Buffalo - BUFFALO - BUFFALO Чайник Scarlett SC-EK21S05

... 11 Yellow-Green (78% transmission): Contrasts well with the red and blue characteristics of surface features on Jupiter and Saturn. ... 82A Light Blue (73% transmission): Useful on the Moon, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, this subtle pale blue filter enhances areas of low contrast while avoiding significant reduction of overall image brightness. ... Meade Series 4000 Photo-Visual Color Filters may be ordered individually or in the following sets: . ... Meade Series 4000 Broadband Nebular Filters . ...

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• Meade Instruments Corporation - Pictor 616A Color Filter System
• Dedicated Accessories - Accessories - Products
• Products

... Most of the time large telescopes are collecting light for a spectrograph, which spreads the light out into a rainbow. ... Atoms in the cool outer layers of a star absorb light coming from the hotter regions within, producing dark absorption lines across the spectrum. ... And astronomers do not actually use color film to take a color picture of the spectrum, for several reasons: . ... Color film does a very poor job of representing the continuous range of colors in a spectrum. ... Tutorial: Part 1 |...

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• Magnitudes and Colors
• Errors in Tired Light Cosmology
• Princeton Instruments' Company Profile

Paths of the incident light and light scattered toward the observer for a single particle in an optically thin nebula. The scattering angle theta scat measures the amount by which the light the observer sees has been deflected from its incident path. ...

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• Banff National Park
• What is HISA?
• The Pleiades

Collins School Star Party - Oct. 5, 1999 Presented by the North Shore Amateur Astronomy Club (NSAAC) For more information: NSAAC: http://www.star.net/people/~nsaac 1.0 Using a telescope Close one eye (use your hand if it's easier) and look straight down into the eyepiece. ... Massive stars use up their fuel much faster - in some cases less than 100 million years. ... Jupiter _____. ... With the chart at left and using the brightest stars as a guide, see if you can find Uranus with binoculars. ...

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• http://www.atmob.org/library/member/brewster/whittierstarparty.pdf
• Astronomy and the Human Eye
• Amateur Telescope Makers of Boston

... Before the modern era of technological astronomy, to know anything about the Universe beyond our planet we relied on light. ... Historically the two rival ideas were that light was either a stream of tiny bullet-like particles or a wave wobbling its way through space. ... The light we see (visible light which is not the tautology it sounds) is only part of the electromagnetic spectrum, a great sweep of radiations which also includes radio, infra-red, ultra-violet, x-rays and gamma rays. ...

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• Hubble sees Saturn in a new light | Astronotes
• NGC4666: Secrets of a Starburst Galaxy | Astronotes
• Finding Your Way in the Milky Way | Astronotes