An Ancient Universe: How Astronomers Know the Vast Scale of Cosmic Time . THE CHANGING UNIVERSE: EVOLUTION HAPPENS! . b) Changes in Stars . One of the great discoveries of modern science is that stars (like people) live only a measurable life-time and then die. Although the lives of the stars are enormously longer than the span of a human life, we can learn about the life story of the stars by studying them at many different stages in their life cycle, from birth to death. ...

... Version 1.18 - 2004-19-14 (NW) ------------------------------- Small changes introduced to allow lcplot to read the source RA and DEC from the headers correctly and thus plot the correct information on the the output plot (SPR-3282). Version 1.17.1 - 2004-05-14 (NW) ------------------------------- Small change introduced to stop lcplot crashing with some lccorr files (SPR-3312) and changes to the presentation of the header information of the output plot (SPR-3289). ... Documentation also updated. ...

... The documentation on image display and communications support are highly recommended. ... Colourmap creation sample programme: X11 interface */ /*----------------------------------------------------------*/ #include <karma.h> #include <karma_kcmap.h> #include <karma_xc.h> #include <X11/Xlib.h> #include <X11/Xutil.h> #define DEFAULT_COLOURMAP_NAME "Greyscale1" #define MAX_COLOURS (unsigned int) 200 Kcolourmap setup_cmap (dpy, window) /* This routine will create a Kcolourmap object from an X11 display...

... The tension in members of the telescope changes as we move the dome, ch, azimuth, and tiedown tensions. The lifetime of a beam is counted in the number of times the change in tension goes through a cycle. ... Examples of telescope motion with corresponding unbalanced moment. ... The number of cycles were computed for : 5000, 10000, 15000, 20000 kipFeet momemnt change. ... The number of cycles on the telescope was computed using the change in the unbalanced moment (at a corner). ... cycles . ...

To change to using another printer for the current login session: PRINTER=ps2 . ... To change to using another editor for the current login session and inform (export) this value to other programs which use it: EDITOR=vi export EDITOR . This changes the user's default editor to vi and exports this value to other programs - such as electronic mail - which make use of it. To change to using another pager for viewing files the user adds the following lines to their .profile file. ...

... Bad Astronomy . ... I think I will break from my usual format of Bad Astronomy/ Good Astronomy by saying that the way we define seasons currently is not strictly bad, but I feel (in my opinion!) that it could be better. The definition of when the seasons begin is at the moment of solstice or equinox; that is, winter (in the north) starts on December 22 nd and summer starts on June 22 nd . ... Now imagine breaking up the Sun's 46 degree up-and-down yearly swing into 1 day intervals. ...

... The changebar (represented by two hyphens in the image) appears in the 10px space to the left of the paragraph. The illustration shows a vertical line that represents the left edge of the paragraph's containing block. ... The change bars (two red hyphens) appear to the left of the word "THIS", which begins the fourth line of text. The following PRE element simulates the example. Vertical bars represent the left containing block edge. ... to the left of the line containing | ...

multi-rsh is a perl script which runs the same command on multiple machines, in parallel, and provides reasonable, adjustable timeouts for those machines which fail to answer. Both standard output and standard error are returned through the same channel, and all output has the hostname prepended to each line. Multi-rsh must be run as root (remote jobs can be set to run as any user, see Options below). ... Neither form allows you to directly pass input to the remote programs. ...

Next: Command Summary Up: Graphic Facilities Previous: Encapsulated PostScript Files . To show the usage and the possibilities of the plot package, a number of examples are built are available below. These examples are available via the TUTORIAL/PLOT P1 command, where P1 can be: . ... AXES to show an example of plotting several axes in one graphics window and using different axes; . TABLE to show an example of table plotting using different symbols and axes; . ...

OptInt PmWiki : Pm Wiki / Changes From Pm Wiki 1 . This page is intended to describe features of PmWiki 1.0 that have been changed or eliminated in PmWiki 2.0. ... ThisGroup:SideBar&action=edit Edit menu]] . ... action=post no longer exists -- posting a new page is now performed by using ?action=edit with the post control set to a true value. ... PmWiki's ReadPage() function no longer supplies default text for non-existent pages -- this is now decided by whatever functions need the page. ...

... country name . ... Query " Moscow's celebrations hotel Moscow, Russia" would failed if search attributes separately, but could be succeeded if search their concatenation. ... hotel". ... Simple search for "Moscow": # select name, country, place, rank( idx, ftsquery ) as r from hotels, to_tsquery('Moscow') as ftsquery where idx @@ ftsquery order by r desc; name | ... Query "Moscow hotel" (rewritten by hand): # select name, country, place, rank( idx, ftsquery ) as r from hotels, to_tsquery('Moscow | ...

The Face on Mars . ... The Raw Images . Table 1: List of Viking Orbiter Images of the "Face on Mars" . ... Processing the Face Images . Table 2: Dimensions of Mercator Projected Images of "The Face on Mars" . Map Projected Images . ... Processing the "Face on Mars" Images . ... This page will provide interested persons with both the raw Viking images, transformed to GIF format, and a brief tutorial (with examples) of image processing techniques applied to create "better looking" images. ...

... The Raw Images . Table 1: List of Viking Orbiter Images of the "Face on Mars" . ... Processing the Face Images . ... In July, 1976, Viking Orbiter 1 was acquiring images of the Cydonia region of Mars as part of the search for potential landing sites for Viking Lander 2. ... Using the height field, it is also possible to view the "Face" from different look directions, by mapping the Viking Orbiter image directly on the the topography and then placing the "viewer" at different locations. ... Mars . ...

Next: Special Cases: Supernova Explosion Up: Change of Binary Parameters: Previous: Mass change . The binary separation a changes differently depending on the mass exchange mode. ... If the mass transfer is conservative ( , i.e. const) and one may neglect the redistribution of the intrinsic angular momenta of the components, the total orbital momentum conservation law implies . ... the orbital separation always increases in such systems). ...

... Previous: Literature and Catalogs in Electronic Form: Questions, Ideas and an Example: the IBVS . ... Astronomers can use the ADS to maintain their publication lists; a simple http link can bring a current bibliography at any time. ... For example the following links to Martha Hazen's bibliography. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/abs_connect?author=hazen,m. &aut_syn=YES&nr_to_return=all . ... To have a complete bibliography via ADS one needs but to add the missing articles into ADS. ...

... Here we will look at line plots. We will go through steps, such as changing linestyles and symbols, you can use to modify your line plots. ... IDL> plot, num, line . ... IDL> plot, num, line, psym = 1 . ... IDL> plot, num, line, linestyle = 1 . ... Line Style . ... IDL> plot, num, line, linestyle=2, thick=3 . ... IDL> plot, num, line, psym = 8, symsize = 2.0 . ... IDL> plot, num, line, charsize=2.0, title='GHRS spectrum . ... IDL> plot, num, line, charsize=2.0, xcharsize=0.8, xtitle='wavelength' . ...

... Astronomical Observatory, Shevchenko Park, Odessa, 65014, . ... The XVI -th G. Gamow's Odessa Astronomical Summer Соnference-School, 14-20 August, 2016, Odessa, Ukraine . ... The XV -th G. Gamow's Odessa Astronomical Summer Соnference-School, 16-23 August, 2015, Odessa, Ukraine . ... The XIV -th G. Gamow's Odessa Astronomical Summer Соnference-School, 17-23 August, 2014, Odessa, Ukraine . ... The XIII -th G. Gamow's Odessa Astronomical Summer Соnference-School, 19-25 August, 2013, Odessa, Ukraine . ...

Fabry-Perot data cubes. Introduction: what is "data cubes"? Observations with the IFP consist of successive acquisition of a few dozen images of interference rings from the object (or from a calibration lamp) when changing the optical path between the flat-parallel plates. The radius of the rings is a function of wavelength and gap between the plates of the interferometer. ... Its interference rings of Ne line which use for phase calibration (convert object data to wavelength-scale). ...

In order to assist folks upgrading we are now going to maintain a document describing information critical to existing Apache users. Note that it only lists differences between recent major releases, so for example, folks using Apache 1.1 or earlier will have to figure out what changed up to Apache 1.2 before this document can be considered relevant. Old users could look at the src/CHANGES file which tracks code changes. ... There have been numerous changes to the default config files. ...

... Lebesgue measure. ... The image of a null-set under a smooth map is a null-set. ... Change of variable in the Riemann integral. Countable union of Lebesgue measurable sets is measurable. ... Measurable functions form an algebra closed under convergence almost everywhere. ... If a function is Riemann integrable then its Riemann integral is equal to its Lebesgue integral. ... Fourier transform. ... Smoothness of a function vs asymptotics of its Fourier transform. ...