... Exposure Time Calculator (ETC) . ... ESO - Public Surveys . ... the recommended values to use for DIT, . ... Detector on-chip integration (DIT): seconds. to your chosen value - a separate page gives recommended values to use for DIT - for modes 1 and 2 below you may wish to start with the maximum recommended values as these will minimize the effect of read noise (a total object exposure of Y secs with DIT=X secs will produce Y/X lots of read noise) and give you a lower limit on the time needed. ...

... They include: 4 dither patterns, 4 chop patterns, and 3 dither-chop patterns. For each of these, the observer will be able to specify, during the Phase II Proposal submission, the total number of positions desired (2 to 40), the dither size (0 to 40 arcsecs), the chop size (0 to 1800 arcsecs), and the orientation of the pattern on the sky. ... In addition, the figure number where the pattern is graphically shown is given in column 5 of Table 10.1 . ... Figure 10.3 . ... 0.0 - 1800.0 . ...

XMM-Newton Science Analysis System . rgssources (rgssources-6.0.1) [xmmsas_20070708_1801-7.1.0] . ... Upgrading the format. rgssources can also deduce the exposure number from the standard file name formats described above. ... If the file name is not in a standard format, and the exposure number is not otherwise known, its use can be turned off by setting writeexpkwds to `no' or `false'. ... XMM-Newton SOC/SSC -- 2007-07-09 ...

... We demonstrate through numerical simulations that model parameters estimated with our technique are essentially bias-free, even when the average number of counts per bin is 1. ... The IW technique avoids such biases by estimating through successive iterations, where for each iteration, j, , and the best-fit parameters are determined by minimization of . ... In our sample, we find that the minimum values and best-fit parameters converge after about 6 iterations. ...

Next: Standard stars Up: Extinction and transformation Previous: Equations of condition . ... It is better to have 5 observations each of 30 standard/extinction stars, than to have 3 observations each of 50 stars; in the latter case, we are spreading the same observational weight over nearly twice as many parameters. ... In sum, though one can hardly have too many observations of standard stars, one should not go beyond the optimum number of stars recommended by the planning program. ...

Next: Head Positions and Track Up: OBSOLETE SECTIONS Previous: Mark III Observations Contents . ... Mark II recording systems have been removed from most active VLBI stations and the main Mark II correlators are no longer operating. ... Below is an example of a simple Mark II schedule. ... OBSMODE = '6cm Mark~II Standard Setup' ! ... SRCFILE = sources.obs ! ... EXAMPLE: Setup file for Mark~II observations (1 channel) at 6cm. -------------------------------------------------------------------- ! ...

trend1d - Fit a [weighted] [robust] polynomial [or Fourier] model for y = f(x) to xy[w] data. trend1d -F < xymrw > -N [ f ] n _ model [ r ] [ xy [ w ] file ] [ -C condition _# ] [ -H [ nrec ] ] [ -I [ confidence _ level ] ] [ -V ] [ -W ] [ -: ] [ -bi [ s ][ n ] ] [ -bo [ s ] ] trend1d reads x,y [and w] values from the first two [three] columns on standard input [or xy [ w ] file ] and fits a regression model y = f(x) + e by [weighted] least squares. ... E.g., a robust quadratic model is -N 3 r . ...

... The two common precisions single precision (SP) and double precision (DP) on a system based on IEEE 754 can specified with INTEGER , PARAMETER :: SP = SELECTED_ REAL _ KIND (6,37) INTEGER , PARAMETER :: DP = SELECTED_ REAL _ KIND (15,307) REAL ( KIND =SP) :: single_ precision _variables REAL ( KIND =DP) :: double _ precision _variables If we wish to work with at least 14 decimal ...

... The first step to improve the FORS calibration is therefore to obtain data to allow a computation of the illumination correction across the field. ... Another limitation on the calibration accuracy has been the brightness of the Landolt standards which have forced the use of extremely short exposures introducing small but non-negligible shutter-time errors and also resulting in a very small number of useful standards per frame. ...

Comedi Documentation . ... Right to the source: #include <stdio.h> /* for printf() */ #include <comedilib.h> int subdev = 0; /* change this to your input subdevice */ int chan = 0; /* change this to your channel */ int range = 0; /* more on this later */ int aref = AREF_GROUND; /* more on this later */ int main(int argc,char *argv[]) { comedi_t *it; lsampl_t data; it=comedi_open("/dev/comedi0"); comedi_data_read(it,subdev,chan,range,aref,&data); printf("%d\n",data); return 0; } . ...

This is an interim program to convert Arecibo data into `regular' fits format files. ... Offset 5400.000000 (5399.719945) Object:U4131 Number of scans in an image:4 Number of dumps in a scan:300 Commands are (all caps required): QUIT to stop converting, DRIVE to finish entire file with same object name, UNTIL <scan> to continue for num or until reaching scan, SKIP <num> to skip to scan <num>, ASKFREQ to prompt for frequencies each time, ASKMAP to prompt for map pos. ...

The starting page - The catalogues page - The list of the PUL2 fields - The list of the Pul-3(Pul-3SE) fields - The list of the PUL_ERS fields . please read short description of the access form controls . ... Right Ascension (ICRF/Tycho-2) J2000 at the central epoch of obs. (hours, minutes, seconds) (Obligatory parameter) . ... proper motion in RA (*cos(DE)) (ICRF/Tycho-2). (mas/yr) . ... Check the apropriate checkbox to output these data and radiobutton to select stars within interval. ...

Next: Inspection of results Up: *fit* - Fit Data Previous: Verbose Mode . If the number of net counts for a source is less than it is impractical to fit the data in all 34 energy bits. However, if the flux is required, then a fit must be performed first. ... Fit will then calculate the normalization of the model and xflux can be used to determine the flux and luminosity of the source from the best fit model. xs> fit rebin=yes . ...

Next: Program use Up: Description of program searchdup Previous: Description of program searchdup . Parameter input is done with a graphic user interface. ... Input file: Name of the input catalog file. It has to be formatted, one record per source/observation, according to the format used in the Arcetri observations and source archives. ... Minimum number of observations per source Source with less than this number of independent observations are not included in the output file . ...

... They were determined as a result of orbit improving on the base of all kinds of optical observations available in the catalog of observations of the Minor Planet Center on March 16, 2014 (radar observations have not been used at this stage). ... As the MPC orbits do not all were improved simultaneously with EMP orbits, only 383866 sets of elements were used for data comparison (for selected sets of elements process of improvement had started with the use of the same observations). ...

... The revision numbers of all tables defined by the standard have been set to unity. ... The following material is now available at the webpage http://www.mrao.cam.ac.uk/~jsy1001/exchange/ * Release 5 of the format specification * Release 5 of the example C code (compatible with the latest format specification) * Link to v1.0 of John Monnier's IDL code (compatible with the latest format specification) The only change in this release has been to increment the revision numbers. ...

SIMPLE = T / file does conform to FITS standard BITPIX = 8 / number of bits per data pixel NAXIS = 0 / number of data axes EXTEND = T / FITS dataset may contain extensions COMMENT FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) format is defined in 'AstronomyCOMMENT and Astrophysics', volume 376, page 359; bibcode: 2001A .. ... IMAGEW = 4256 / image width IMAGEH = 2832 / image height ANRUN = T / Solve this field! ...

... MAXLEN parameter specifies maximum length of the number considered as a 'good' integer. ... If REJECTLONG = FALSE (default), than dictionary returns prefixed part of integer number with length MAXLEN . ... This is a dict_tmpl.c file. # include postgres.h # include utils/builtins.h # include fmgr.h #ifdef PG_MODULE_MAGIC PG_MODULE_MAGIC; #endif # include utils/ts_locale.h # include utils/ts_public.h # include utils/ts_utils.h typedef struct { int maxlen ; bool rejectlong ; } ...

RELATIVE SUNSPOT NUMBERS Description of Data from SGD Explanation of Data Reports: Relative Sunspot Numbers -- The relative sunspot number is an index of the activity of the entire visible disk of the Sun. ... The provisional daily Zurich relative sunspot numbers, Rz, were based upon observations made at Zurich and its two branch stations in Arosa and Locarno and communicated by M. Waldmeier of the Swiss Federal Observatory. ... This indicates the uncertainty above and below the predicted number. ...

... The perceptron structure, on the basis of which the database is built, is defined by a number of the input and output parameters and a required accuracy. ... The output perceptron data are the expansion coefficients of the scattering matrix elements in series of the generalized spherical functions. ... As the cluster structure depends on the generation conditions the expansion coefficients were averaged over 5--7 realizations of the clusters (for N . ... is the coefficient number. ...