... This calibration approach is recommended when dealing with high frequency data from the old ATCA correlator, especially at 3mm wavelengths. ... The approach described here exploits the dual frequency bands that were available with the old correlator. ... Rather the current approach assumes that you have a single Miriad dataset containing bandpass calibrator, phase calibrator, flux density calibrator and program source. ... MFCAL . ... Input multi-source, dual-band dataset. select=source(1921-293) . ...

... The upward propagating HF wave is reflected at a particular height. ... The instabilities seen by the radar shortly after the HF is turned on can be divided into two types according to the degree of sophistication required in the model describing the response to the E field of the HF wave. ... The first kind occurs at a particular height determined by k vector and frequency matching conditions on the HF wave, the low and high frequency plasma waves, and the radar EM wave. ... Incoherent Scatter . ...

Top] [Prev] [Next] [Bottom] . In This Chapter.. ... Calculating NICMOS Imaging Sensitivities / 92 . WWW Access to Imaging Tools / 97 . Examples / 97 . ... Next, we describe how to determine the system sensitivity. We then describe the ways in which you can determine the exposure time required for a given observation and the signal to noise that will be achieved; examples are provided. ... We also describe how to calculate signal to noise ratios and exposure times by hand for NICMOS. ...

... The most precisely determined characteristic for accreting neutron stars (NS's) is their period. ... Period changes show fluctuations. ... Some applications of stochastic processes in astrophysics especially in accreting systems were discussed in Lipunov (1987),Hoshino Takeshima (1993) and Lipunov (1992).In Hoshino Takeshima (1993) the authors, using simple models of MHD turbulence, try to explain aperiodic changes in X-ray luminosity of X-ray pulsars. ... Here, -constant angular momentum. ...

Some radio clocks and related timekeeping gear have a pulse-per- second (PPS) signal that can be used to discipline the local clock oscillator to a high degree of precision, typically to the order less than 50 us in time and 0.1 PPM in frequency. ... Either way requires conversion of the PPS signal, usually at TTL levels, to RS232 levels, which can be done using a circuit such as described in the Gadget Box PPS Level Converter and CHU Modem page. ...

Next: Generation from Ground Calibration Up: PIXTOPIXSENS Previous: PIXTOPIXSENS Contents . ... The PixToPixSens file describes the inverse detector sensitivity normalized to the average sensitivity. ... PixToPixSens consists of two image extension. ... The keyword CFRR specifies the average count rate (units: count/CCD frame) in the flatfield exposures used to generate the image extension. The image extension LEDTEMPLATE holds the description of the LED illumination pattern. ... n.a. 2 . ...

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... 50 Weirdest Objects . ... Observing springtime deep-sky objects with a large telescope . ... What is the baseline for determining the magnitude scale of celestial objects? Why do brighter objects have negative numbers? ... He called the brightest 1st magnitude and the faintest 6th magnitude. ... Also, to assign a magnitude to the brightest planets, the Moon, and especially the Sun, scientists would have to work with negative numbers. Get instant access to subscriber content on Astronomy.com! ...

Next: The /dev directory Up: The root filesystem Previous: The root filesystem . The /etc љ directory contains a lot of files. ... See the chapter on init љ for further information. /etc/passwd љ . ... Lists the filesystems mounted automatically at startup by the mount -a command (in /etc/rc љ or equivalent startup file). ... etc/issue љ . ... See the magic љ and file љ manual pages for more information. /etc/motd љ . ... Files executed at login or startup time by the Bourne or C shells. ...

... The Average Color of the Universe . ... This whimsical question came up when trying to determine what stars are commonplace in nearby galaxies. ... Also cataloged as Ced 201, it lies along the northern Milky Way in the royal constellation Cepheus. ... About 50 million light-years distant in the northern constellation Pegasus, NGC 7331 was recognized early on as a spiral nebula and is actually one of the brighter galaxies not included in Charles Messier's famous 18th century catalog. ...

... Keywords: Proper Motions, Schmidt Plates, Astrometry, Guide Star Catalog, Palomar Sky Survey . In this paper we describe a program of determining proper motions from digitized scans of 1950's-era Palomar Sky Survey (POSS) Schmidt Plates and 1980's-era Palomar Oschin Schmidt `Quick V' plates that were taken for the Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) Guide Star Catalogue. ... Arrows indicate the magnitude and direction of the proper motion for the stars. ...

My research is focused on applications of the mathematical language of geometric algebra. ... Geometric algebra can be applied to any subject in mathematics, physics or engineering which is in some part rooted in geometry. ... A black hole has a spectrum of gravitational bound states in much the same manner as the Hydrogen atom. These have only recently been determined, and are contained in the paper Bound States and Decay Times of Fermions in a Schwarzschild Black Hole Background . ...

... VLSS Redux version, 2012 . We present details of improvements to data processing and analysis which were recently used for a re-reduction of the Very Large Array (VLA) Low-frequency Sky Survey (VLSS) data. Algorithms described are implemented in the data-reduction package Obit, and include smart-windowing to reduce clean bias, improved automatic radio frequency interference removal, improved bright-source peeling, and higher-order Zernike fits to model the ionospheric phase contributions. ...

The visibility amplitude bias (there is also a closure phase bias, but this one is nominally corrected by the raw data averaging pipeline) is related to non-Poisson detector statistics due to after-pulsing, and to fixed pattern noise due to non-linearities in the modulation stroke. We determine the bias using so-called incoherent scans, which record data even though the delay lines are deliberately set away from the white light fringe. ... Averaging triple products.. ... Background data loaded. ...

... Future seminars . P a s t seminars . Seminar council . Collective processes and structures in spiral galaxies " . ... A new approach to studying global structures in thin stellar disks, which allows to describe universally both bar and spiral modes, is presented. ... Study of line-of sight velocity maps of gaseous disk in spiral galaxies allows, under some conditions, to reconstruct 3 components of gas velocity in the galactic plane. ...

Next: Navigation Pre-Observation Products . ... SRT (Space Radio Telescope) Schedule (SRS) File . ... What: GOCG generates the Space Radio Telescope (SRT) schedule file, or SRS file, from current GSTS file. The SRS file has more precise time stamps than long-term schedules, and also designates which GTS will be used when. ... The SRS file also serves as the antenna pointing schedule file, as it describes the planned orientation of the spacecraft (and solar panels) as a function of time. ...

There are many ordinary/partial differential equations/systems describing various phenomena in physics, mechanics, chemistry, biology, sociology, etc. ... Prerequisites: 1 semester "Advanced Calculus", 1 semester "Linear Algebra". Optional: 2 semester "Advanced Calculus", 2 semester "Linear Algebra", 1 semester "Functions of Complex Variables", elements of the functional analysis and the ordinary differential equations theory. ... Laplace transform for linear differential equations . ...

Experiment COLD . ... JSEC Astronomy . ... The entire project was called "Experiment Cold". ... The best radiometer (in terms of fluctuation sensitivity) known to us, based on a parametric amplifier with a closed-cycle helium cooling system, was used in the experiment; measures were taken to "cool" the radio telescope itself; and a method of controlling the numerous sources of interference was carefully thought out. ...

Next: The Lynxx Tools Up: Data Processing Previous: Data Processing . Each program allows the operator to get a quick look at the data and do some processing. The ST-4 and ST-6 have the same basic tools, so only the ST-6 tools will be described here. Most of the tools are under the display menu. When an image is displayed in analysis mode, data can be roughly analyzed. Any process done under display will only alter the display and not the image itself. ...

... S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION ENERGIA . ... OAO RSC "Energia" . ... Company's History . ... History . Brief History of Rocket and Space Technology . ... ISS Russian Segment . ... ISS 45/46 . ... Experiments and Researches from 2013 . ... Defining the in-flight relationship between changes in the eye structure, state of its blood vessels and sense of vision and movement of fluids to the head, sizes of the blood vessels and blood flow types. ... 2015 JSC "S.P. Korolev RSC "Energia" . ...