... Let us first find out which way -- rise in spectral resolution with some loss in the S/N ratio or increase in the S/N ratio with a fixed spectral resolution -- is better for the purpose of reduction of equivalent width determination errors. ... N -- number of counts for 1 ? ... line equivalent width, . ... Thus if the spectral resolution is managed to be increased (i.e. to decrease )without loss in the number of counts falling at 1 ?, the equivalent width measurement error is then proportional to . ...

FGS Instrument Handbook for Cycle 24 . ... Fine Guidance Sensor Instrument Handbook for Cycle 24 > Appendix B: FGS1r PerformanceSummary > B.2 Angular Resolution Test . ... At the time of the test, the predicted angular separation of the components was 0.085" (Franz and Wasserman, private communication). ... By rolling the HST in 6 increments, the projected separation along the X axis varied from the predicted angular resolution limit of FGS1r (~6 mas) to the resolution limit of FGS3 (~20 mas). ...

WPLTN Technical Workshop . ... WPLTN-2012) . ... of the International Scientific Technical Conference WPLTN-2012 . ... Having an opinion that the collocation of various space geodesy measurement technologies has a fundamental role in increasing the accuracy of fundamental and applied positioning, navigation and timing provision, the International Scientific Technical Conference WPLTN-2012 has come to the following conclusions: 2.1. ... Web-page . ... Resolution of the conference WPLTN-2012 . ...

... We will consider the rms, (K), for observations with a receiver of system temperature, T , frequency resolution, per polarization, and total integration time per observing cycle, . ... For ``in-band'' frequency switching, the line under investigation is always in the observing band. ... Position Switching or ``Out-of-Band'' Frequency Switching: Here the line is only observed for one half of the time, with noise being present all of the time. ...

... The J, H and K bands are characterized by a bright background, such a background is mainly due to the emission of atmospheric lines and of thermal radiation. ... If the source cover a large fraction of the slit, spectra off-source must be observed to adequately sample the sky background. ... The on chip integration time (time spent in each position of the slit) must not exceed 40 seconds in J and H bands and 60 seconds in K band. ... We suggest a sequence of 10 for each elementary integration time. ...