... Stellar Evolution is driven entirely by the never ending battle between Pressure and Gravity . As imbalances are reached, the star is driven to find a new Energy source. ... Pressure and gravitational forces are equal, the star is stable and its core is sufficiently hot to fuse Hydrogen into Helium More about main sequence stars . ... The luminosity generated by the core fusion of Helium into Carbon is far greater than the shell luminosity associated with the fusion of Hydrogen into Helium. ...

... The FITS++ verify program verifies FITS file for conformity to the FITS standards. ... FITS ++ Verification Program Version 1.11 Fri Sep 26 10:00:32 1997 =================================================================== FITS Verification for file : h4216218n_noi. fits =================================================================== Summary contents of FITS file : h4216218n_noi. fits 0: Primary Array ( SHORT ) 0 bytes, 176 header lines, 5 FITS blocks 1: Image Extension ( FLOAT ) ...

... Arithmetic Functions . Random Numbers . String Conversion . Searching and Sorting . ... There are 4 basic integer functions: . int abs(int number); long int labs(long int number); div_t div(int numerator,int denominator); ldiv_t ldiv(long int numerator, long int denominator); . ... In practice no functions produce truly random data -- they produce pseudo-random numbers. ... The stdlib.h provides 2 useful functions to perform general searching and sorting of data on any type. ...

Next: Examples of Setup Files Up: Setup Files Previous: Setup Files Contents . Over 200 standard setup files have been created, covering many of the normal modes of observing. ... These especially include precisely defined, and somewhat complex cases like the Mark III standard modes (although MarkIII went the way of the dinosaur long ago. ... v '' files: . These are setup files for VLBI observations using VLBA recording formats. ... These are setup files for Mark III observations. ...

Download Izmccd (~2.7 MB). ... for 1-5 bytes is number of a numbered minor planet, . ... Positions 1-80 file "mpcreportiz.txt" are similar to positions of file "mpcreport.txt". 83-95 – errors of unit weight, . ... If this tag is " 1 0 " , this record contains results of measurements of an image of object (approximation by "PSF"),  . ... 57-66 – error in X (pixels), for first star in a multicentric image, for subsequent it is error in (distance between first star in the image and this), . ...

... The first step to improve the FORS calibration is therefore to obtain data to allow a computation of the illumination correction across the field. ... Another limitation on the calibration accuracy has been the brightness of the Landolt standards which have forced the use of extremely short exposures introducing small but non-negligible shutter-time errors and also resulting in a very small number of useful standards per frame. ...

gmtconvert - Convert between ASCII and binary 1-D tables gmtconvert [ inputfiles ] [ -H [ nrec ] ] [ -M [ flag ] ] [ -V ] [ -: ] [ -bi [ s ] n ] [ -bo [ s ] ] gmtconvert reads its standard input [or inputfiles] and writes out the information to standard output. ... Input (and hence output) may have multiple subheaders if -M is selected. datafile ( s ) ASCII (or binary, see -bi ) file(s) holding a number of data columns. ... If used, GMT default is 1 header record. M Multiple segment file(s). ...

Next: Reduction procedure Up: Extinction and transformation Previous: Strategy . Standard stars can be included in the extinction solution, if one is careful. The problem is that there are usually appreciable ``conformity errors'' due to mismatch between the instrumental and the standard passbands [ 16 ]. ... Thus, it is wrong to assume that the transformation between the instrumental system and the standard system is exact, even if there were no measurement error in either system [ 1 ]. ...

... TFORM109= '1B ' / TUNIT109= ' ' / TDISP109= 'B1 ' / TTYPE110= 'PHBSIG ' / Platform converter combiner signal ph adjust TFORM110= '1B ' / TUNIT110= ' ' / TDISP110= 'B1 ' / TTYPE111= 'HYBRID ' / Platform converter combiner hybrid TFORM111= '1B ' / TUNIT111= ' ' / TDISP111= 'B1 ' / TTYPE112= 'PHBLO ' / Platform converter combiner LO phase adjust TFORM112= '1B ' / TUNIT112= ' ' / TDISP112= 'B1 ' / TTYPE113= 'XFNORMAL' / Control room transfer switch ...

The NTP standard specifies an extension which provides cryptographic authentication of received NTP packets. ... The specification allows any one of possibly 4 billion keys, numbered with 32-bit key identifiers, to be used to authenticate an association. ... In the case of MD5, the keys are 64 bits (8 bytes). xntpd reads its keys from a file specified using the -k command line option or the keys statement in the configuration file. ... A zero key in NTP format would be specified as 8080808080808080 . ...

Fortran is a simple language . Fortran has always existed . Fortran compilers are generally available . Earlier the first programming language . ... Good at numerical analysis and technical calculations . ... A large number of programs and routines in Fortran are exchanged internationally . ... Fortran doesn't have reserved words, it has short identifiers, the identifiers do not have to be specified . ... Fortran programs are usually less well structured then Pascal programs . ...

... Even with today's advances in networking, file system capacities and CD technology it is often necessary to transport and store scientific data sets on magnetic tape. The FITS data format standard contains guidelines on how to write FITS files to magnetic tape but does not address the problem of indexing or organizing tape files. ... 8--16 GB per 4mm tape). ... This paper presents a convention for writing self-describing magnetic tapes that contain FITS formatted data files. ...

... The material in "From Stargazers to Starships" meets several important requirements of the national standards. Pages cited below are from National Science Education Standards National Academy Press, Washington 1995. ... For example: the sections on astronomy not only describe calendars and sundials (including their construction), but also the astronomy of the ancient Greeks, including two different ways in which ancient Greeks estimated the distance to the Moon. ...

... The requirements contained in the current National Electrical Code and NFPA Standard for Electrical Requirements for Employee Workplaces apply to all electrical equipment, installations, and usage's at APO. ... do not use defective electrical equipment. ... the Site Safety Officer is to be notified of overloaded circuits in order to replace fuses and reset circuit breakers. ... the only multiple outlet adapter, other than extension cords, allowed are those have internal circuit breakers. ...

multi-rsh is a perl script which runs the same command on multiple machines, in parallel, and provides reasonable, adjustable timeouts for those machines which fail to answer. Both standard output and standard error are returned through the same channel, and all output has the hostname prepended to each line. Multi-rsh must be run as root (remote jobs can be set to run as any user, see Options below). ... Neither form allows you to directly pass input to the remote programs. ...

... rgsregions defines and constructs the various RGS event-selection regions, and adds them to the source list (see rgssources ). ... Image regions and the background region refer to the plane of dispersion versus cross-dispersion ( image plane ) and select events based on their spatial coordinates. ... The order regions refer to the plane of dispersion versus calibrated pulse-height ( energy plane ) and select events from a specific astrophysical source within a particular reflection order. ...

... 1.7 GSC 084 Pulkovo Obs., 0.33 15 x 15' 1.0" 7 34 0.179 0.307 Normal Asgr. 3.0 UCAC 118 Slovakia, 0.57 14 x 10' 1.7" 3 12 0.090 0.145 Modra 3.3 USNO 127 Germany, 0.19 30 x 20' 2.4" 3 15 0.151 0.087 Bornheim 0.8 GSC 168 34 200 0.282 0.315 291 USA,Kitt Peak, 1.8 390 x 30' 1.0" 1 5 0.143 0.144 Spacewatch II 4.7 USNO 300 Japan, 0.5 78 x 78' 2.3" 7 36 0.420 0.447 Bisei Center 1.3 ACT 461 Hungary, JATE 0.60 28 x 19' 1.1" 6 22 0.124 0.153 Asteroid Surv. ... Polynesia 1.0 UCAC F85 Tiki Obs., ...

DIGITAL WDC EXCHANGE FORMAT . FOR OBSERVATORY 1.0 MINUTE VALUES 1. ... DATA-1 .. DATA-60 are 1-minute values of the given element for that hour. ... Typically, digital 1-minute values received by WDCs from organizations operating automatic magnetic observatory instruments are averages of more frequendy sampled values, e.g. 10-second point samples. ... If the method used to obtain 1-minute average values is important to a user, the WDC will assist in determining the exact procedure applied. ...

... The sample of the Local Volume galaxies (distance smaller than 10 Mpc) gives a unique opportunity to study the properties of galaxies including the weakest objects: the absolute magnitude M B -10 and the virial mass M vir 10 9 M x263C;. ... Luminosity function of the Local Volume galaxies. ... The luminosity functions for galaxies are presented: red dashed line - from the 2dFGRS survey (Norberg et al. 2002); blue dash-dotted line - from the SDSS survey (Blanton et al. ...

... a set of permissions associated with every file and directory that determine who can read it, write to it, or execute it. Only the owner of the file (or the super-user) can change these permissions. a mathematical term that refers to a number, character or word which changes the action of the command it is applied to. a standard code used for representing information on computer systems and networks. It uses the printing and non-printing characters that can be generated by the keyboard. ...