... GPI Data Pipeline 1.0 documentation . ... Thermal/Sky Backgrounds . ... Using Thermal/Sky Backgrounds in GPI Data Reduction: . Creating Calibrations: . ... Thermal emission (from sky or telescope) becomes an important background source for wavelengths longer than 2 microns. ... The pipeline treats thermal/sky backgrounds similar to dark frames and is designed to subtract a thermal/sky background, scaled to the integration time of the science image, from K-band observations. ...

. The anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) as observed by Planck. The CMB is a snapshot of the oldest light in our universe, imprinted on the sky when the universe was just 380,000 years old. It shows tiny temperature fluctuations that correspond to regions of slightly different densities, representing the seeds of all future structure the stars and galaxies of today. ESA and the Planck Collaboration - D. Ducros

... Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2013 March 25 . Planck Maps the Microwave Background . ... Visible in all directions, this cosmic microwave background is a complex tapestry that could only show the hot and cold patterns observed were the universe to be composed of specific types of energy that evolved in specific ways. ... About APOD | ... A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC . ...

... radiative transfer studies in the dawn . ... Background: The interstellar medium of spiral galaxies is filled by gas and small solid particles, dust grains. ... dust emission at longer wavelengths, as FIR or the submm (bottom picture) allows a direct detection of the grains. ... An ESF workshop on dust in spiral galaxies : European astronomers have always been at the forefront of FIR astronomy, the study of interstellar dust and the development of radiative transfer codes. ...

... arfgen (arfgen-1.66.4) [xmmsas_20050815_1803-6.5.0] . ... Generates an OGIP-compliant ([ 4 ]) ancillary response file (ARF). The ARF contains a table listing area values (the column SPECRESP ) for a number of different energy ranges (the columns ENERG_LO and ENERG_HI ). The ARF can be used in conjunction with the response matrix file (RMF, generated by rmfgen ) to allow fitting of particular spectral models against the observed spectral data. ... Implemented . ... Bad pixel correction . ...

... The first step to improve the FORS calibration is therefore to obtain data to allow a computation of the illumination correction across the field. ... Another limitation on the calibration accuracy has been the brightness of the Landolt standards which have forced the use of extremely short exposures introducing small but non-negligible shutter-time errors and also resulting in a very small number of useful standards per frame. ...

... 12c. Venus transit (1) . 12d. Venus transit (2) . 12e. Venus transit (3) . ... 1 The 2004 Venus transit . ... Kepler's third law allows one to evaluate the dimensions of the solar system in relative units, e.g. in " astronomical units " (AUs), where 1 AU is the mean Sun-Earth distance. ... Edmond Halley suggested using the transit of Venus across the Sun's disk, when it appears as a dark round spot --or to quote one observer of the 2004 transit, "like a blueberry in front of an orange." ...

... Contacts . 2012: . ... We refined the fundamental parameters of the components, the orbital periods, and the conditions of photospheric heating of the secondary component by the ultraviolet radiation of the hot component. ... The observations of the star clusters associated with ultra-luminous x-ray sources (ULXs) in four galaxies on the 6-meter and VLT telescopes have shown that all the ULXs are located within 200pc of very young star clusters (younger than 5 million years). ... Archive . ...

... News | ... Australia Telescope Steering Committee . ... Australia Telescope User Committee . ... Facilities . ... Australia Telescope Compact Array . ... Australia Telescope Online Archive (ATOA) . ... ASKAP Home . ... CSIRO has been working with representatives of the NRC ( National Research Council , Canada) and ASTRON (Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy) to undertake a collaborative measurement program using three different receiver element designs as part of SKA pre-construction work. ...