... Magnetic Storms . ... Cosmic Rays . ... Energetic Particles . ... Solar fast Particles . We cannot observe the way the distant universe accelerates cosmic rays or produces energetic photons, but acceleration processes also occur on our Sun , though on a much more moderate scale. ... That is why such events are often missed by cosmic ray detectors near the equator, where the lowest energies are excluded by the Earth's magnetic field. ... Should we be concerned about solar energetic radiation? ...

We cannot observe the way the distant universe accelerates cosmic rays or produces energetic photons, but acceleration processes also occur on our Sun , though on a much more moderate scale. ... That is why such events are often missed by cosmic ray detectors near the equator, where the lowest energies are excluded by the Earth's magnetic field. The best detectors for observing solar particles are therefore those sensitive to the lowest energies of the cosmic radiation. ...

Most current theories for magnetospheric emission can be grouped into polar cap, outer gap, and nebular models. These models, at least in some cases, need not be mutually exclusive; the Crab pulsar (among others), for example, shows clear evidence for pulsed emission from the magnetosphere and unpulsed emission from the surrounding nebula. ... This suggestion is strengthened by observation of a distinct soft emission component, consistent with the cooling scenario, from several of these pulsars. ...

A limit on the ultra-high-energy neutrino flux from Centaurus A Justin Bray For the LUNASKA collaboration Clancy James, Ron Ekers, Chris Phillips, Paul Roberts, John Reynolds, Rebecca McFadden, Ray Protheroe, Jaime Alvarez-MuЯiz, Justin Bray Outline: · Ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic rays neutrinos · Detecting UHE neutrinos · The lunar Cherenkov technique · Observations with the ATCA · Observations with Parkes · ASKAP and the future ... Detection Geometry Neutrinos are penetrating.. ...

11 august 2014/Monday: Arriving, Registration . ... The variation of solar flare coronal X-ray source spatial properties. ... Melnikov V.F., Charikov Yu.E., Kudriavtsev I.V. Directivity of X-ray and gamma-ray emission from different parts of flaring magnetic loops. ... E., Melnikov V.F. Angular characteristics of polarization degree of hard X-ray emission from different parts of flaring magnetic loops. ... The thick target model and analytical calculations of the hard X-ray emission from solar flares. ...

... ,E_=v_B_z,B_z0 Light cylinder at RL U = electric voltage created by rotating BH I = large scale current I U LK Centrifugal acceleration in BH magnetosphere Assume `reasonable' B and E fields, from current I : Bz = 0 = v/v 1 Motion of a test particle P ( ) Light cylinder Pz() P() z() Here = 0.01 and = rc,i/RL = 0.01 Growth of particle Lorentz factor ( ) log k At light cylinder : = Here with initial value is the absolute maximal reachable by this process (ie no ...

Astronomy Picture of the Day . Red Sun Streaming . ... Some of these particles strike the Earth and cause aurora. ... The Sun is a bubbling ball of extremely hot gas. ... On the left is a normal star field containing the constellation Orion. ... A Wolf-Rayet Star Blows Bubbles . ... Wolf-Rayet stars can blow bubbles. These unusual stars are much hotter and more luminous than our Sun. ... Wolf-Rayet stars generate bubbles because they continually eject their outer atmosphere as a stellar wind. ...

The Variable Gamma-Ray Source 2CG 135+01 ApJ, 497:L89-L91, 1998 7 h gamma AGN variability . gamma-radio-AGN-variability ADS query . ... Model for the High-Energy Emission from Blazars 1993ApJ.. ... Possible Production of High-Energy Gamma Rays from Proton Acceleration in the Extragalactic Radio Source Markarian 501 astro-ph/9803241 K.Mannheim . ... A theoretical unifying scheme for gamma-ray bright blazars astro-ph/9807317 G. Ghisellini, A. Celotti, G. Fossati, L. Maraschi, A. Comastri . ...

... Extreme strong microwave S-component (F10.7 cm) -- enhanced emission in strong magnetic fields of the transition region and low corona; thermal and nonthermal components; . Extreme strong metric-wavelength noise storm -- permanent particle acceleration in strong evolving coronal magnetic fields; . CME/flare-associated events: intense metric emission (type II/IV bursts) and predominated post-eruptive microwave component; . ...

... RATAN-600 data for the BL Lacertae objects (multi-frequency catalogue, Version 1.0) . GPS radio sources . ... Kovalev et al. (2009) also investigated the correlation between radio emission and gamma-ray flux (using Fermi-LAT data after the first 3 months of observations) for 135 AGNs. ... Moreover, the correlation between high-frequency radio emission (at 37 GHz) and gamma-ray emission (100 MeV.100 GeV, Fermi-LAT data) for 249 northern AGNs was studied by Nieppola et al. ... GHz) . ...

Next: Polarization efficiency: size/shape/orientation effects Up: Optical properties of cosmic Previous: The 2175? feature . To model the interstellar polarization one needs to calculate the forward-transmitted radiation for an ensemble of non-spherical aligned dust grains. ... Let non-polarized stellar radiation passes through a dusty cloud with a homogeneous magnetic field. ... The angle between the line of sight and the magnetic field is ( ). ... where the angle is connected with and ( ). ...

... Tonight's Sky . ... Observing . ... The double star 54 Leonis, spiral galaxy NGC 3198, and emission nebula NGC 3199 . ... A pulsar with a tremendous hiccup . ... A gamma-ray pulsar is a compact neutron star that accelerates charged particles to relativistic speeds in its extremely strong magnetic field. ... Only registered members of Astronomy.com are allowed to comment on this article. ... Receive news, sky-event information, observing tips, and more from Astronomy's weekly email newsletter. ...

... The GALFA Continuum Transit Survey group ( GALFACTS ; PI: A. R. Taylor) has conducted several test observations and will begin an all-sky full-Stokes continuum survey later this year with the new P-ALFA spectrometer. ... Sample Perseus images of GALFA H I 21cm-line and full-Stokes continuum emission are shown below along with maps of molecular (CO) gas, thermal dust, and ionized gas optical emission for comparison. ... The GALFA H I emission appears to envelop the molecular cloud gas traced by CO. ...

... 2000 July 20 . AR9077: Solar Magnetic Arcade . Credit: TRACE , Stanford-Lockheed ISR, NASA . Explanation: On July 14th , solar active region 9077 (AR9077) produced a massive flare . ... It shows million degree hot solar plasma cooling down while suspended in an arcade of magnetic loops . ... After the flare, AR9077's activity decayed as it was carried farther across the Earth-facing hemisphere of the Sun by solar rotation . ... About APOD | ... NASA Technical Rep.: ...

There is often dust associated with ionized regions. Compact HII regions usually have associated dust from a molecular cloud in which the massive star is being "born". ... For such stars the dust is not produced by the star, and a variety of dust features are observed. The planetary nebulae also usually have associated dust from the previous stage of evolution where they were either carbon stars or M-type giants. ... The feature near 11.5 microns in the IC 418 spectrum may be due to SiC dust. ...

... What is dark matter and dark energy? ... Science Vision for European Astronomy in the Next 20 Years Broadest range of the panels: Standard physics in exotic settings But also the universe as a laboratory for new physics Poitiers, 23 January 2007 2 1: How did the Universe begin? ... Needs complementary data to CMB, as for Dark Energy Poitiers, 23 January 2007 Science Vision for European Astronomy in the Next 20 Years 4 2: What is dark matter and dark energy? ...

... Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, +44 (0)28 3752 2928 . ... Quasi-stationary electron distributions for the different values of the particle escape time. ... The electron-cyclotron maser instability is widespread in the Universe, producing, e.g., radio emission of the magnetized planets and cool substellar objects. ... The model used takes into account the radiation escape from the source region and the particle flow through this region. ...

... Antarctic Research (Vernadsky Station) . Ephemeris Astronomy . Lithosphere-low atmosp1here- ionosphere processes . Plasma processes in ionosphere and magnetosphere . The charged particles acceleration in the cosmic magnetic fields and their nonthermal radiation . ... Theory of plasma instabilities and turbulence; applications to wave processes in the ionospheric, magnetospheric and space plasmas . Large-scale wave processes in space plasma.Formation of nonlinear wave structures . ...

The above process keeps the # of protons and the # of neutrons in the early Universe constant. ... Remember, a free neutron (one that is not bound in an atomic nucleus) will decay into a proton + electron (+ anti-neutrino) in about 900 seconds. AT t=0.01 seconds, none of the neutrons have decayed. ... During this epoch, the proton-to-neutron ratio is 1.0 . Epoch #2: . ... Now we have 62% protons and 38% neutrons where at 0.01 seconds we had 50% protons and 50% neutrons. ...

... 2013 December 6 . Gamma-Ray Earth and Sky . Image Credit: International Fermi Large Area Telescope Collaboration , NASA , DOE . Explanation: For an Earth-orbiting gamma-ray telescope, Earth is actually the brightest source of gamma-rays , the most energetic form of light. ... While that interaction blocks harmful radiation from reaching the surface, those gamma-rays dominate in this remarkable Earth and sky view from the orbiting Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope's Large Area Telescope. ...