... Energy . ... The free ions and electrons in a plasma behave the same way. Knowing the temperature of the high atmosphere of Earth, or that of the Sun, we can calculate energies expected of ions and electrons found there. However, ions and electrons actually observed in space are often much, much more energetic, and may move at a respectable fraction of the velocity of light (300,000 km/sec or 186,000 miles/sec). ... Typical energy of an electron in the polar aurora. 40,000 ev . ... 50,000 ev . ...

The fact charged particles circle around field lines was well known to J.J. Thomson when he experimented with electron and ion beams in a magnetic field. ... The notion of adiabatic invariance is tied with the early years of quantum theory. ... By the rules of conventional physics, atoms were expected to continually lose energy, yet the absorption and emission of light suggested that they could exist in certain stable states where their energy was fixed. ...

Next: Radiopulsars as Sources of Up: Cosmic Rays and Evolution Previous: Cosmic Rays and Evolution . Presently, there is little doubt that galactic CR can be generated at rapidly expanding shock fronts produced by supernova explosions. ... Statistical properties of radiopulsars in our Galaxy indicate a formation rate of NS of about 1 per 10-20 years in the present cosmological epoch, while direct astronomical observations have so far not detected supernova explosions at this high rate. ...

... Credit: M. DeBord, R. Ramaty and B. Kozlovsky ( GSFC ), R. Lingenfelter (UCSD), NASA Explanation: Cosmic Rays are celestial high energy particles traveling at nearly the speed of light, which constantly bombard the Earth. ... But a recent theory suggests that cosmic ray particles are atomic nuclei blasted from dust grains formed in supernovae, the death explosions of massive stars. ... Publications with keywords: dust - cosmic rays - supernova . ... Cosmic Rays from Galactic Centers . ...

... Star Atlas . ... Supernova showered Earth with radioactive debris . ... galaxies . ... Cosmic Adventures . ... Exploding stars and stripes in Tychoт??s supernova remnant . ... The upper panel shows a close-up of a region away from the stripes, where the black lines show tangled magnetic field lines and the red line shows an electron spiraling around one of these lines. ... Supernova remnants have long been considered a good candidate for producing the most energetic cosmic rays in our galaxy. ...

... June 18, 1998 . Cosmic Rays and Supernova Dust . ... Explanation: Cosmic Rays are celestial high energy particles traveling at nearly the speed of light, which constantly bombard the Earth. ... The theory is supported by observations indicating that high velocity dust was formed in the nearby supernova 1987A , and that Beryllium, a light element created in Cosmic Ray collisions, is found equally in both old an young stars. ... About APOD > . ... NASA Technical Rep.: ...

... Special Reports Giant space cloud may be powered by black holes 17:57 23 April 2007 NewScientist.com news service David Shiga An enormous cloud of roiling plasma in space may be drawing its energy from black holes, new observations suggest. Such clouds might be sources for the mysterious particles that occasionally crash into Earth's atmosphere at ultra - high speed. ... But higher energy particles in the cloud may be able to escape, he says. ...

... Informazioni . Informazioni generali . ... Personale . Personale di Ricerca . Personale tecnico, amministrativo, bibliotecario . ... Personale in ordine alfabetico . ... Informazioni varie . Informazioni specifiche . ... Informazioni sindacali . ... Phenomenology of particle acceleration in supernova remnants in the proximity of molecular clouds - DD71/2015 . ...

A limit on the ultra-high-energy neutrino flux from Centaurus A Justin Bray For the LUNASKA collaboration Clancy James, Ron Ekers, Chris Phillips, Paul Roberts, John Reynolds, Rebecca McFadden, Ray Protheroe, Jaime Alvarez-MuЯiz, Justin Bray Outline: · Ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic rays neutrinos · Detecting UHE neutrinos · The lunar Cherenkov technique · Observations with the ATCA · Observations with Parkes · ASKAP and the future ... Detection Geometry Neutrinos are penetrating.. ...

Supernova Cosmology: Legacy and Future, (preprint) . Goobar, A. and Leibundgut, B. Annual Reviews of Nuclear and Particle Science , 2011, 61, 251 . Cosmological Implications from observations of Type Ia Supernovae, . ... Type Ia Supernovae, . ... Leibundgut, B., Suntzeff, N. B. in "Supernovae and Gamma-Ray Bursts", 2003, . ... Cosmology with Supernovae, . ... Leibundgut, B. in Frontiers of Cosmology, 2005, . ... Twenty Years of SN 1987A . ... ApJS, accepted . ... ApJ, 782, 28 . ...

April 4, 2008 (Friday) Maxim Pospelov, Victoria University . ... Fall 2007 . Winter 2008 . Fall 2006 . Winter 2007 . Spring 2007 . ... A new generation cosmic ray detector, the Pierre Auger Observatory, has been designed to study cosmic rays with energy above 10 18 eV and answer the crucial questions of ultra high energy cosmic ray physics. ... Oscillating scalar fields, with an oscillation frequency much greater than the expansion rate, have been proposed as models for dark energy. ...

... GOODS unites extremely deep observations from NASA's Great Observatories, Spitzer , Hubble , and Chandra , ESA's Herschel and XMM-Newton , and from the most powerful ground-based facilities, to survey the distant universe to the faintest flux limits across the electromagnetic spectrum. ... The space-based observations are complemented by ground-based imaging and spectroscopy, including extensive commitments of ESO and NOAO observing time. ... 2010-04-10: Deep VLA 1.4 GHz data for GOODS-North . ...

2014 May version . ... Green D. A., 2014 , Bulletin of the Astronomical Society of India, 42 , 47-58. ( .pdf , or arXiv.org:1409.0637 ) If you make use of the detailed version of the catalogue, then plaese also cite: . Green D. A., 2014, `A Catalogue of Galactic Supernova Remnants (2014 May version)' , Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom (available at "http://www.mrao.cam.ac.uk/surveys/snrs/" ). ... Copyright D. A. Green 2014. 25872nd access to this version of the catalogue. ...

... For SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) analysis, a solid surface is bombarded by primary ions of some keV energy. ... The subsequent mass analysis of the emitted ions provides detailed information on the elemental and molecular composition of the surface. ... Extremely short ion pulses with a duration below . ... By rastering a fine-focussed ion beam over the surface, like an electron beam in an electron microprobe, mass resolved secondary ion images (chemical maps) can be obtained...

... Acceleration of particles in the vicinity of a massive black hole We propose a two-step mechanism for charged particle acceleration in the magnetosphere of a massive black hole surrounded by an accretion disk. Particles first gain energy by stochastic process during the accretion phase. It is shown that effective proton acceleration up to energies eV is possible in the turbulent magnetized accretion disk. ...

... It turns out one possibility is a form of matter/energy invented by Einstein in the 1920s to make sure his equations of General Relativity did not predict the Expansion of the Universe. Although Einstein was willing to predict several things with his equations of General Relativity, he obviously thought an expanding Universe was too much, and so he invented the Cosmological Constant, which repels itself, and was meant to balance the force of gravity, and make the Universe static. ...

What happens to a star heavier than five solar masses? ... Stars about ten solar masses probably behave like our five solar mass star until they reach the end of core-helium burning. ... The Crab nebula was formed after a massive explosion ripped a star apart in 1054. ... Today, the glowing outer layers of the star are still rushing away from a tiny star in the centre. ... An incredible explosion rips through the outer layers of the star, releasing colossal amounts of energy in a supernova explosion. ...

ION AND ELECTRON ENERGY DETECTOR PAN-2 . ... The energy and angular distributions of charged particles can bring further information on the nature and spatial scales of magnetospheres processes. ... It permits the fast measurements of energy and angular parameters of charged particles in the range 40eV-40keV. ... The sensor unit is an electron electrostatic, axially symmetrical, toroidal analyzer. ... The energy range for both types of charged particles must stepped according to the logarithmic scale. ...

11 august 2014/Monday: Arriving, Registration . ... The variation of solar flare coronal X-ray source spatial properties. ... Melnikov V.F., Charikov Yu.E., Kudriavtsev I.V. Directivity of X-ray and gamma-ray emission from different parts of flaring magnetic loops. ... E., Melnikov V.F. Angular characteristics of polarization degree of hard X-ray emission from different parts of flaring magnetic loops. ... The thick target model and analytical calculations of the hard X-ray emission from solar flares. ...

... Resolving the Sun's Hot Corona: High Resolution Solar Imaging in the Extreme Ultraviolet . Dr. Kelly E. Korreck . Thursday, Dec 11, 2014 at 8:00 PM . ... As SAO Project Scientist for the NASA rocket High Resolution Coronal Imager (Hi-C), she managed the funding, technical staff, and construction of the telescope leading to the highest resolution images ever of the Sun's hot atmosphere. ... Dec . ... 2017 Total Solar Eclipse . Copyright (c) Amateur Telescope Makers of Boston, Inc. ...