... Moon . ... What can astronomers tell us about the different colors on the surface of Jupiter's moon Europa? ... We can use the colors of Europa s surface to tell us about the chemical compounds that make up the surface and subsurface of the jovian moon. Even before the first spacecraft made a close visit to Europa, astronomers on Earth used telescopes to study the moon and were able to use a technique called spectroscopy to determine that Europa s surface is composed mostly of water ice. ...

... Spacecraft . 29a. Satellite looking up . ... 29e. Explorers of distant space . Space Index . ... Many "down-looking" satellites also carry out local observations, among them Polar, Viking, Freja and satellites of the GOES and DMSP series. ... Other explorers of the distant magnetosphere have included the three ISEE spacecraft (International Sun-Earth Explorers), Polar in an elliptical polar orbit with cameras observing the polar aurora, and Image observing energetic neutral atoms. ...

... Perhaps the most interesting satellites in this group are the ones sent into distant orbits, some of them extending well past the Moon--e.g. the WIND spacecraft pictured here. Among them is a long series of IMP s (Interplanetary Monitoring Platforms) which sampled the Earth's distant magnetic environment, the magnetosphere, and the surrounding interplanetary region; IMP-8 is still returning good data, more than 20 years after its launch. ...

... Observing . ... Home Education Workshops at Adorama Astronomy Workshop: Observing Variable Stars from the City ? February 15, 2015 . ... Beyond New York City . ... Observing Resources for Amateur Astronomers - Part 1: Beginning Observers . ... A History of the First Forty Years of the Amateur Astronomers Association . ... Presented by€а Adorama €аFor the Amateur Astronomers Association of New York . ... 2016 Amateur Astronomers Association of New York Designed by Press Customizr Powered by . ...

This is a list of all currently available observing modes in CIMA. Different modes are available depending on whether CIMA is run in pulsar or in spectral line mode. ... Note that the appearance of the windows refer to CIMA version 3.1 , which for most observing modes is slightly different than from CIMA version 2.3 and 3.0 and completely different from CIMA version 2.2. ... Non-ALFA . ... Pulsar cross calibration . ... Drift map . ... ALFA : indicates whether the observing mode works with ALFA . ...

... Particle Sizes in Saturns Rings . ... What size particles compose Saturn's rings? To help find out, the robot Cassini spacecraft now orbiting Saturn broadcast radio waves of three different wavelengths right through the rings to Earth earlier this month. ... What causes small waves in Saturn's rings? Observations of rings bordering the Keeler gap in Saturn's rings showed unusual waves. Such waves were first noticed last July and are shown above in clear detail. ... July 2006 . ... July . ...

home publications > mercury . ... Let Venus Be My Guide . Mercury, July/August 1997 Table of Contents . ... Earth's simmering sibling burns through our early evening skies in July and August. ... Venus's bland, dense, cloudy atmosphere does not allow us to see the surface. Astronomers in the 1930s, looking at the sunlight reflected from Venus, discovered that its atmosphere is rich in carbon dioxide. ... Venus's atmosphere, 96 percent carbon dioxide, is a car with the windows rolled up tight. ...

Titan . ... Hubble Space Telescope Images of Titan's surface . ... Later that year, it will release the European-built Huygens probe for a descent through Titan's atmosphere. ... This artist's rendering shows the European Space Agency's Huygens probe descending into the atmosphere of Saturn's moon Titan after being released by NASA's Cassini spacecraft. ... This artist's rendering shows the Huygens probe on the surface of Saturn's moon Titan after being released by NASA's Cassini spacecraft. ...

HST observing programs are categorized into a number of different types: . ... GO - General Observer program . ... Please contact your PC or CS if you have a question about your program type. Program Coordinator: The Program Coordinator (PC) is the primary technical point of contact during the development, implementation, planning and scheduling of a program. ... If you have submitted your program and are getting this as your status, you should contact your Program Coordinator for assistance. ...

Next: The RDBE system Up: INFORMATION AND ADVICE ON Previous: NON-VLBA Telescopes with VLBA Contents . This section covers the scheduling of wide bandwidth observations. ... With the digital backends (RDBE and DBBC) and newer recording systems (MARK5C for now, maybe X cube or MARK6 later), completely new systems are involved. ... With the Mark5A recording system, the maximum bit rate that can normally be recorded is 1024 Mbps on a Mark IV system and 512 Mbps on a VLBA system. ... The RDBE system . ...

... 2010 October 25 . Water Ice Detected Beneath Moon's Surface . ... LCROSS , LRO , NASA . ... Pictured above from LRO, areas in false-color blue indicate the presence of soil relatively rich in hydrogen , which is thought likely bound to sub-surface water ice. ... How deep beneath the surface the ice crystals permeate is still unknown, as well as how difficult it would be to mine the crystals and purify them into drinking water . ... About APOD | ... NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices . ...

Astronotes Armagh Planetarium's Stellar Blog! ... Moon . ... Space Flight . ... Earth Satellites . ... February . ... By admin February 16, 2012 Posted in: Moon . A roll?n?rock can be seen in this image from NASA?s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. ... This rolling stone gathered no moss but left its track in the regolith until the slope levelled off and it slowed to a halt. ... Then the Moon shone down on an Earth that€а looked superficially familiar to that of today but was oddly different. ...

... The first task assumes the searching for chemical composition and sizes of particles which give the wavelength dependence of the extinction efficiencies close to the observed dependence of . Figure 7: Wavelength dependence of the extinction efficiency factors for homogeneous spherical particles of different sizes consisting of astronomical silicate and amorphous carbon. The dashed segment shows the approximate wavelength dependence of the mean galactic extinction curve at optical wavelengths. ...

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GRANAT is the Russian x-ray sattelite launched to the high apogee orbit (200,000 km) and operated almost for 10 years (1989 -1999) , carrying out four major instruments: French SIGMA coded-mask hard x-ray telescope (30-1000 keV), Soviet ART-P coded-mask telescope (2??-60?? keV), all-sky monitor WATCH (6-150 keV), and a gamma-burst detector PHEBUS . ... Since September 1994, GRANAT is in the survey mode. ... Explore pages devoted to individual GRANAT instruments (including main scientific results): . ...

... Exposure Time Calculator (ETC) . ... ESO - Public Surveys . ... the recommended values to use for DIT, . ... Detector on-chip integration (DIT): seconds. to your chosen value - a separate page gives recommended values to use for DIT - for modes 1 and 2 below you may wish to start with the maximum recommended values as these will minimize the effect of read noise (a total object exposure of Y secs with DIT=X secs will produce Y/X lots of read noise) and give you a lower limit on the time needed. ...

... We proposed that information retrieved from the local surface photometric behavior of the Moon could be used for guiding the remote sensing analyses of specific geological targets. ... The value of the difference of intensities mentioned above may be used as a photometric parameter I of the local surface roughness. ... 7] Apollo 11 Prelim. ... Figure 5 represents the diagram of relationship between photometric roughness parameter and local thorium content in different lunar regions. ...

... Pre-university education . ... Samara region . ... A small spacecraft Aist-2D , developed by the scientists of Samara State Aerospace University (SSAU) and the experts of the Rocket and Space Centre Progress will see from outer space what is hidden under the thick top of trees and below the Earth's surface. The radar equipment was installed on Aist-2D , which was delivered to the space launcher complex Vostochniy on January 22. ... Tomography of the Earth's ionosphere will also be carried out. ...

Over the coming weeks an international team, including Simon Jeffery , Vincent Woolf and Amir Ahmad of the Armagh Observatory, will use over fifteen different telescopes to make over one hundred nights of observations of just one star to learn about its internal structure. ... Although the approach has been used before, this may be the first time that a global asteroseismology project has tried to measure both light and spectrum variations at the same time for any star apart from the Sun. ...