... The Earth's orbit is not a perfect, sun-centered circle. At aphelion, the most distant point in Earth's orbit, the Sun is 150 million kilometers away and at perihelion, the closest point, Earth approaches the Sun to within about 147 million kilometers. ... Venus Once Molten Surface . ... This computer reconstruction of the surface of Venus was created from data from the Magellan spacecraft. Magellan orbited Venus and used radar to map our neighboring planet's surface between 1990 and 1994. ...

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... Spacecraft . ... To space by cannon? Finally, the deep space explorers --spacecraft which break away from the Earth's gravity . ... The "Luna" series of the USSR conducted 7 soft landing of unmanned probes, two of them with wheeled robotic "Lunokhods," and two of those missions returned samples to Earth. Others spacecraft have visited the major planets of the Solar system. ... The Mariner series have explored Venus and Mars--and Mariner 10 even reached Mercury, for three separate encounters! ...

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Finally, the deep space explorers --spacecraft which break away from the Earth's gravity . ... The "Luna" series of the USSR conducted 7 soft landing of unmanned probes, two of them with wheeled robotic "Lunokhods," and two of those missions returned samples to Earth. Others spacecraft have visited the major planets of the Solar system. ... The Mariner series have explored Venus and Mars--and Mariner 10 even reached Mercury, for three separate encounters! ... Sojourner" on Mars, its top . ...

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• Galileo Crosses Boundary Into Jupiter's Environment
• Galileo Finds Giant Iron Core in Jupiter's Moon Io
• The Sun

... January 4, 1999 . Ring Around the Cluster . ... Explanation: It is difficult to hide a galaxy behind a cluster of galaxies. The closer cluster's gravity will act like a huge lens , pulling images of the distant galaxy around the sides and greatly distorting them. ... The cluster CL2244-02 is composed of many yellow galaxies and is lensing the image of a blue-white background galaxy into a huge arc. ... About APOD > . ...

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• GALILEO READY FOR CLOSE FLYBY OF JUPITER'S BIGGEST MOON
• APOD: 2007 May 16 - Dark Matter Ring Modeled around Galaxy Cluster CL0024 17
• APOD: 2001 February 22 - 3C294: Distant X Ray Galaxy Cluster

Astronotes Armagh Planetarium's Stellar Blog! ... Solar System . ... Moon . ... Comets and Asteroids . ... What changed our view of Chariklo is the discovery of a ring system around it, the first such feature found around a Solar System body smaller than a gas giant planet. ... Almost certainly the rings were born when a collision with a smaller asteroid blasted millions of tonnes of debris off CharikloтАЩs surface. ... A ring system detected around the Centaur (10199) Chariklo (Braga-Rigas et al.) ...

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• M55 globular cluster seen by ESO | Astronotes
• Exploring Icy Moons in Search of Life | Astronotes
• Supernova in the Cigar Galaxy | Astronotes

... We have simulated the observations of a very distant cluster of galaxies at high redshift. ... The simulations are made for the HST instruments FOC, WFPC II, and the Advanced Camera, and for an 8-m telescope on the ground equipped with adaptive optics. ... A comparison of the fields of view of post-COSTAR HST imaging instruments with the Advanced Camera (AC) and the ground-based adaptive optics camera (AO) is shown in Fig. 1 superimposed on the noise-free cluster simulation. ...

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• High Redshift Cluster Projects
• HST this week: 008
• STScI Preprint #1297

Hubble Finds Oxygen Atmosphere On Jupiter's Moon Europa . Astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope (HST) have identified the presence of an extremely tenuous atmosphere of molecular oxygen around Jupiter's second moon, Europa . ... Europa's oxygen atmosphere is so tenuous that its surface pressure is barely one hundred billionth that of the Earth," said Principal Investigator Doyle Hall, of Johns Hopkins. ... The oxygen gas slowly leaks into space and must be replenished continuously. ...

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• Galileo Crosses Boundary Into Jupiter's Environment
• Galileo Finds Giant Iron Core in Jupiter's Moon Io
• The Planet Jupiter

... Tonight's Sky . ... Moon . ... NASA releases images of Earth by distant spacecraft . The Cassini and MESSENGER spacecraft captured images of Earth and our Moon from millions of miles away. ... In this rare image taken July 19, 2013, the wide-angle camera on NASA's Cassini spacecraft has captured Saturn's rings and our planet Earth and its Moon in the same frame. ... These images show views of Earth and the Moon from NASA's Cassini (left) and MESSENGER spacecraft (right) from July 19, 2013. ...

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• NASA's newest Mars mission spacecraft enters orbit around the Red Planet |
• Measuring gravity's pull at the surface of distant stars | Astronomy.com
• A star cluster hides star clusters | Astronomy.com

Stellar Clusters are very useful laboratories for empirically studying stellar evolution. ... All cluster stars are at the same distance . All cluster stars have the same physical age . ... CM diagram Young Cluster In this case we see the Main Sequence fully represented. The blue dots represent massive stars with short main sequence lifetimes. ... Thus, identifying the most massive star which is still on the main sequence is an effective means of determining the age of a stellar cluster. ...

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• The Galaxy Gallery Page IX: Clusters of Galaxies
• Climatology; Ice Ages
• Evolution of Intelligence

... Our restless globe and its companion. ... A Look at the Motions of the Earth in Space and How They Are Changing . ... Earth's rotation as viewed from above the north and south geographic poles. ... The Earth revolves around the Sun-also counterclockwise viewed from above the North Pole, clockwise viewed from the South Pole-to give us our years (see Figure 2 ). The plane of the Earth's orbit is called the ecliptic (where eclipses happen). ... Earth's orbit as viewed from the north ecliptic pole. ...

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• ASP: Up, Up, and Away
• ASP: Star Science in the Autumn Sky
• ASP: The Comet About to Smash into Jupiter

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• El Gordo: a massive distant merging galaxy cluster
• ESO - Thesis Topic: Dynamical models of multiple globular cluster populations
• Wide-field view of the sky around the distant active galaxy PKS 1830-211 | ESO

... MAO main . ... The DRAGON globular cluster simulations: a million stars, black holes and gravitational waves . ... simulations of globular clusters with a million stars on the high-performance . ... of stars in globular clusters at unprecedented detail but also shed light into . the dark world of black holes. ... clusters of single and binary black holes. ... of a globular cluster. www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/328833/hl201603 . ... MAO/NASU, 27 Akademika Zabolotnoho St. 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine . ...

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• MAO NASU :: Topic: 1st Announcement IAU Symposium 312 Star Clusters and Black
• The Laboratory of Astrometry

DARK MATTER IN THE UNIVERSE Paul J. Green UNSEEN MASS: Astronomers studying the motions of stars and galaxies throughout the universe have long noticed a strange discrepancy. Stars move around galaxies as if pulled by ten times the matter that we can see. ... GRAVITATIONAL LENSING: Since dark matter by definition cannot be directly observed, several recent searches have instead exploited the predicted gravitational effects of its mass on the observed light from nearby stars. ...

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• Southern SHARC survey
• PAUL J. GREEN - Page de la Maison
• The AstroStat Slog globular cluster

... The Butcher-Oemler Effect Blue Fraction, fB Redshift , z The Butcher-Oemler Effect Blue Fraction, fB Abell 370 Redshift , z Abell 370 a galaxy cluster at z = 0.37 Abell 370 , a galaxy cluster at z = 0.37 large galaxy cluster of order same size as Coma similar cluster velocity dispersion and X-ray gas temperature GMRT ~34 hours on OII] Star Formation Rate Average all 168 [OII] emission galaxies line from Bell 2003 Radio Continuum vs. ...

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• http://www.mso.anu.edu.au/~bessell/thumbnails/images.txt
• GSAOI Orion Nebula Cluster Science Page
• The Local Sphere of Influence Survey

Collins School Star Party - Oct. 5, 1999 Presented by the North Shore Amateur Astronomy Club (NSAAC) For more information: NSAAC: http://www.star.net/people/~nsaac 1.0 Using a telescope Close one eye (use your hand if it's easier) and look straight down into the eyepiece. ... Massive stars use up their fuel much faster - in some cases less than 100 million years. ... Jupiter _____. ... With the chart at left and using the brightest stars as a guide, see if you can find Uranus with binoculars. ...

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• http://www.atmob.org/library/member/brewster/whittierstarparty.pdf

... Compact Binaries . ... Unlike the Sun, most stars in our Galaxy orbit another star: these systems are called binary stars. Generally it takes many years for the two stars to orbit around each other. ... These binaries are interesting for many reasons. One is that they are predicted to emit lots of gravitational waves. ... Over time as gravitational waves are emitted, the time taken for the two stars to orbit one another changes by a small but measurable amount. ...

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• Armagh Observatory Jupiter Venus Conjunction
• New Jupiter Moon
• Armagh astronomer made today's highlights around the world | International Year

... Special Reports Giant space cloud may be powered by black holes 17:57 23 April 2007 NewScientist.com news service David Shiga An enormous cloud of roiling plasma in space may be drawing its energy from black holes, new observations suggest. Such clouds might be sources for the mysterious particles that occasionally crash into Earth's atmosphere at ultra - high speed. ... But higher energy particles in the cloud may be able to escape, he says. ...

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• The Pleiades
• Searching the Environment around LyAlpha Absorbers
• Pulsar Highlights - A Dozen new MSPs in Globular Clusters

Title: A New Model of the Gravitational Lens 0957+561 and a Limit on the Hubble Constant . Authors: Norman A. Grogin , Ramesh Narayan (Harvard Univ.) ... Title: ROSAT/PSPC observation of the distant cluster CL0939+472 . ... Title: Interaction in the Bimodal Galaxy Cluster A3528 . ... Title: Cosmological Implications of Galaxy Cluster Evolution . ... Title: Galaxy Cluster Virial Masses and Omega . ... Matches 201 to 222 from a total of 222 matches for the search pattern galaxy cluster . ...

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... Bad Astronomy . ... Bitesize Astronomy . ... Keep Bad Astronomy close to your heart, and help make me filthy rich. ... I had to lean backwards a little to make sure we didn't topple over, and as I spun her in a big circle around me I made a little circle on the floor too. ... The Earth, for example, has a mass about 81 times that of the Moon. ... It is mathematically correct to say that it is the barycenter that orbits the Sun, while the Earth and Moon circle the barycenter. ... 2008 Phil Plait. ...

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• Phil Plait's Bad Astronomy: Bad TV
• Phil Plait's Bad Astronomy: Bitesize Tour of the Solar System
• Phil Plait's Bad Astronomy: Misconceptions

... We found that 10 metal-poor globular clusters are greately distinguished for anomalously small masses on the "destruction rate-mass" plain. As it turned out, these poor clusters, situated 15 kpc farther from the Galactic centre, are somewhat younger than the bulk of the metal-poor globulars, and have anomalously red horizontal branches. ... At the same time, deficiency of distant massive clusters is noticeable with increasing distance from the galactic centre. ...

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• Population of Galactic globular clusters, figures