... Orbiting in the plane of Saturn's rings, Saturnian moons have a perpetual ringside view of the gas giant planet. ... The thin rings themselves slice across the middle of this Cassini snapshot from April 2011. ... Waterfalls, Auroras, Comet: Iceland . ... Dust Pillar of the Carina Nebula . ... The broad dust tail of Comet PanSTARRS (C/2011 L4) has become a familiar sight for many northern hemisphere comet watchers, as the comet fades but rises higher above the western horizon after sunset. ... April ...

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... 2006 September 5 . Bright Cliffs Across Saturn's Moon Dione . Credit: Cassini Imaging Team , SSI , JPL , ESA , NASA . Explanation: What causes the bright streaks on Dione? Recent images of this unusual moon by the robot Cassini spacecraft now orbiting Saturn are helping to crack the mystery. ... The bright ice-cliffs run across some of Dione 's many craters, indicating that the process that created them occurred later than the impacts that created those craters. ... About APOD | ...

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• APOD: 2013 March 21 - NGC 2736: The Pencil Nebula
• APOD: 2003 April 20 - The Gum Nebula Supernova Remnant
• APOD: 2000 November 7 - The Gum Nebula Supernova Remnant

The sky background can contribute significant Poisson noise in broad and medium band filters, and must be taken into account during noise calculations. The actual sky brightness depends on the heliocentric ecliptic coordinates (latitude and longitude) in a manner summarized in Table 6.3 . ... 22.4 . ... An average sky brightness of V=22.9 mag arcsec -2 is assumed. ... Values for other filters or sky brightnesses can be computed from Table 6.2 , Table 6.1 , Table 6.3 , and Equation 6.2. ...

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• Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer Instrument Handbook for
• Surface Brightness of Background Light
• Surface Brightness Profiles

In this gallery are many images of Low Surface Brightness Galaxies which have recently been discovered and analyzed. ... The central surface brightness of this galaxy is 24.28 . Malin 2 This galaxy is another huge disk galaxy with a scale length of 15 kpc and a redshift of 15000 km/a. The high surface brightness knot in one of its spiral arms actually has the same color, luminosity and H-alpha equivalent width as the entire Large Magellanic Cloud . ... Truly it is a Low Surface Brightness Galaxy. ...

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• Galaxy Gallery Page III

... This beautiful new image shows a glowing cloud of cosmic dust sitting boldly against a backdrop of shining stars. To the naked eye, thick clouds like these appear empty and dark, but some are actually home to the brightest nebulae and hottest young stars in the Universe! Stars are made of gas, so it is no surprise that they are born inside thick, gassy clouds. But the clouds that give birth to stars also block our view of them growing within. ...

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• http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1135/kids/
• http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1250/kids/
• http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1304/kids/

XMM-Newton Science Analysis System . omdetect (omdetect-5.14.2) [?? Meta Index / Home Page The background image produced by omdetect is first constructed by using a median-smoothing algorithm that filters out bright pixels. When the sources have been found, the image is refined by masking-out source regions and interpolating across them. ... Background algorithm . XMM-Newton SOC/SSC -- 2008-10-22 ...

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• Analysis of very bright sources
• EPIC Background
• Future developments

Milky Way X-ray background emission « »: , . ... RXTE , . ... Using near-infrared Galaxy intensity measured with COBE/DIRBE experiment and X-ray data from RXTE and INTEGRAL it was shown that X-ray brightness of the Galactic background emission closely follows its stellar density and can be explained by a cumulative emission of a large number of weak Galactic X-ray sources. ... Map of Galactic background emission in hard X-ray energy band obtained with INTEGRAL observatory. ... 2006, &, 452, 169 ., ...

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... Our Sun is part of a huge wheel-shaped collection of stars. ... Astronomers have long suspected it was a very massive black hole, and that every galaxy had such a central mass, created early in the history of the universe. ... However, unless that object happens to be headed directly at the black hole (a relatively small target) it will just swing around and fly away again, like a comet making a pass at the Sun. The velocity acquired in falling towards the black hole also helps it escape. ...

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• Wide-angle telescopes for photometry and polarimetry in optical and infrared

... Credit: Don F. Figer (UCLA), and NASA A photo and caption are available via the World Wide Web at http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/97/33.html and via links in http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/Latest.html or http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/Pictures.html. Images are available via the World Wide Web at http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/gif/pistol.gif (GIF), http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/jpeg/pistol.jpg (JPEG). ... A full resolution TIFF image is available in /pubinfo/tiff/1997/33.tif. ...

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• http://www.arcetri.astro.it/~palla/ANDREAIMMAGINI/Galassie/QSO100000.txt
• http://www.arcetri.astro.it/~palla/ANDREAIMMAGINI/ISM/NGC7027.txt
• APOD: August 6, 1998 - Infrared Horsehead

... A faint, dusty rose of the northern sky, emission nebula IC 410 lies about 12,000 light-years away in the constellation Auriga. The cloud of glowing hydrogen gas is over 100 light-years across, sculpted by stellar winds and radiation from embedded open star cluster NGC 1893. ... These "tadpoles" (seen just below center) are regions of denser, cooler gas, and more slowly resist the erosive radiation from the hot stars. ... Copyright (c) Amateur Telescope Makers of Boston, Inc. ...

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... Bad Astronomy . ... Bitesize Astronomy . ... Keep Bad Astronomy close to your heart, and help make me filthy rich. ... When Venus is on the far side of the Sun, we see the entire near side lit by the Sun. ... When it is on the near side of the Sun, it shows a beautiful thin crescent, because it is between us and the Sun and we see the mostly unlit dark half. ... To see this for yourself, draw a circle one centimeter across, then, next to it, draw a circle 6 centimeters across. ... 2008 Phil Plait. ...

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• Phil Plait's Bad Astronomy: Misconceptions
• Phil Plait's Bad Astronomy: Mad Science
• Phil Plait's Bad Astronomy: Bad TV

. Please standby and you will be automatically connected to the new location of the unframed Supernova page. Or, click on the link above. If you have questions or problems, please email me at David Bishop dbishop@vhdl.org . Last modified: Mon Aug 27 12:40:15 EDT 2001

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• Bright Supernova - Archives
• Supernova 2002fk in NGC 1309
• Bright Supernova pages - Statistics

The Andromeda Galaxy (M31) . Hot stars burn brightly in this image from NASA's Galaxy Evolution Explorer, showing the ultraviolet side of a familiar face. At approximately 2.5 million light-years away, the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) is our Milky Way's largest galactic neighbor. ... The bands of blue-white making up the galaxy's striking rings are neighborhoods that harbor hot, young, massive stars. ... When observed in visible light, Andromeda s rings look more like spiral arms. ...

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• http://www.astronomy.com/sitefiles/resources/image.aspx?item=%7B7AAC2165-B2F3-4448-BCE8-F2C6CBA78534%7D
• http://www.astronomy.com/sitefiles/resources/image.aspx?item=%7B3CD5629C-8916-4203-B970-CD073AE3494E%7D
• http://www.astronomy.com/sitefiles/resources/image.aspx?item=%7B67D00E21-CD72-4430-9EB9-A012ACDF28D9%7D

... In the three intervening decades there have been many observations of this diffuse emission over a wide range of x-ray energies. ... During the 1970's researchers at the University of Wisconsin, lead by Dr. William Kraushaar, used a series of sounding rocket flights to map the diffuse x-ray emission from the sky in several bands. ... University of Wisconsin Sky Survey map of the B-band (0.13-0.188 keV) x-ray intensity. ... University of Wisconsin Sky Survey map of the 2-6 keV band x-ray intensity. ...

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• Chandra Images for SNR J0505.8-6801
• Chandra Images for 0506-68.0
• Chandra Images for J0454.4-6713

... This paper describes the main algorithms used by the Einstein Level One processing to create the exposure masks and the background maps for Einstein IPC images, and how these algorithms were recreated in the IRAF environment. Our goal was to recreate the algorithms used by the Level One Processing to create exposure masks and background maps for Einstein Image Proportional Counter (IPC) data (cf. sections 2.5 and 2.7 of Harnden et al. ...

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• ADASS 2002 Conference Proceedings
• A Method for Minimizing Background Offset Errors When Creating Mosaics
• ADASS 2003 Conference Proceedings

... Usually, H I is seen as bright emission against a darker background, but under the right viewing conditions, it can also be seen as dark absorption against a brighter background. In the case where the background is itself H I emission, the hydrogen is said to be self-absorbed, and the radiative transfer process is termed H I self-absorption (HISA). ... Shown below is a single CGPS H I 21cm spectral line channel at a radial velocity of -41 km/s in the Local Standard of Rest, at l =140њ, b =+1њ. ...

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• What is HISA?
• The Pleiades
• Press Release for the 193rd Meeting of the AAS, January, 1999

... Stars . ... Straight away the three stars in his belt will grab your attention, followed by the glittering white star Rigel in his left foot and the bright orangish star Betelgeuse in his right shoulder (assuming Orion is standing facing us and not with his back to us). ... Orion Belt?s with the stars Alnitak, Alnilam and Mintaka. ... In short, Orion was a big, loud giant of a man and indeed a mighty hunter, he also inherited some aquatic superpowers from his father who was the sea god Neptune. ...

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• NGC4666: Secrets of a Starburst Galaxy | Astronotes
• Astronomy FAQs
• Astronotes | Armagh Planetarium's astronomy news from across the Universe -

... Its perihelion would occur on April 1, 1997, at which point the comet would be only 0.92 astronomical units from the Sun, just within the orbit of Earth. ... Taken in April 1993, the photo showed the comet over 13 astronomical units from the Sun, well beyond the orbit of Saturn. ... Hale, as in Comet Hale-Bopp, has written a book, Everybody's Comet (available through the ASP Catalog) and coordinated an Internet project, "Hale-Bopp: Live in the American Classroom." ... Anatomy of a comet. ...

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• ASP: Star Science in the Autumn Sky
• ASP: SETI?s Prospects Are Bright
• ASP: An Ancient Universe - The Age of Light from the Most Distant Galaxies

... Copyrightї1997 Bob Yen (byen@ix.netcom.com) (http://www.comet-track.com/hb/hb.html) . ... Information on Comet Hale-Bopp for the Non-Astronomer Hale-Bopp rotates about twice a day (3/14/97) . ... The Comet Observation Home Page was been selected to receive the Griffith Observatory Star Award for the week of February 2 - 8, 1997 for excellence in promoting astronomy to the public through the World Wide Web. ... Typically, about 1,000 individual users/computers access this page every day. ...

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Next: BASIC PROPERTIES Up: R CORONAE BOREALIS STARS Previous: INTRODUCTION . RCB stars are named after a star just visible to the naked eye in the constellation of Corona Borealis. RCrB was discovered by Edward Pigott (1797), an English amateur astronomer, who had been observing a star in the `Northern Crown' for over a decade. ... Since 1795, other RCB stars have been discovered and their properties have been carefully observed. ...

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• Historical Background
• Terry Mosely's Bulletins
• Stealth Comets