Журнал ПОВЕРХНОСТЬ публикует оригинальные статьи и обзоры по наиболее актуальным проблемам изучения поверхностных явлений. ... Редакция журнала 'Поверхность. ... Англоязычная версия журнала Journal of Surface Investigation . X-Ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques выходит 6 раз в год . The Journal of Surface Investigation. X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques ( Poverkhnost '. ... X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques is abstracted and/or indexed in (Impact Factor 0.359): . ...

... Viking Images . ... Each spacecraft consisted of an orbiter and a lander. ... The first month of orbit was devoted to imaging the surface to find appropriate landing sites for the Viking Landers. On July 20, 1976 Viking Lander 1 separated from the Orbiter and touched down at Chryse Planitia. ... The Viking Landers transmitted images of the surface, took surface samples and analyzed them for composition and signs of life, studied atmospheric composition and meteorology, and deployed seismometers. ...

... Huygens Images Titan s Surface . ... Credit: ESA , NASA , Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer Team ( LPL ) Explanation: After a seven year interplanetary voyage on board the the Cassini spacecraft, the European Space Agency's Huygens probe parachuted to a historic landing on Saturn's moon Titan on January 14. ... News: Huygens Updates . ... Publications with keywords: Huygens probe - cassini spacecraft . Publications with words: Huygens probe - cassini spacecraft . ... Liquid Sea on Saturns Titan . ...

In this gallery are many images of Low Surface Brightness Galaxies which have recently been discovered and analyzed. ... The central surface brightness of this galaxy is 24.28 . Malin 2 This galaxy is another huge disk galaxy with a scale length of 15 kpc and a redshift of 15000 km/a. The high surface brightness knot in one of its spiral arms actually has the same color, luminosity and H-alpha equivalent width as the entire Large Magellanic Cloud . ... Truly it is a Low Surface Brightness Galaxy. ...

... Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2011 June 16 . Mercury's Surface in Exaggerated Color . Credit: NASA / JHU APL / CIW . ... This sharp image combines three of the MESSENGER wide angle camera's colors, but in exaggerated fashion. Otherwise, to the unaided human eye, Mercury's surface colors would appear comparatively muted . ... About APOD | ...

... Astronomy news . ... Earth Seen By NASA's Moon Mapper On India's Chandrayaan-1 Spacecraft . A new image of Earth taken from 200 kilometers (124 miles) above the lunar surface was taken by the Moon Mineralogy Mapper, one of two NASA instruments onboard the Indian Space Research Organization's Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft. ... NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., designed and built the Moon Mineralogy Mapper and is home to its project manager, Mary White. ...

... We computed the permanently shadowed areas and temperatures inside the craters for the variation of the position of the lunar pole of rotation with respect to the ecliptic pole with a period of 18.6 years. ... According to our results, the total permanently shadowed area in the polar craters of the Moon is equal to 50428.7 km2, or 0.13% of the total area of the lunar surface [3]. ... The area of permanently shaded part of a crater makes 59 % from all area of a crater [3]. ...

USSR Venus Orbiters . ... Venera 15 and Venera 16 were a two-spacecraft mission designed to use 8-centimeter (3-inch) band, side-looking radar mappers to study the surface properties of Venus . ... Each spacecraft consisted of a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and a radio altimeter. ... The Venera 15 and 16 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems were identical, and were used to map the surface of Venus at a resolution of 1 to 2 kilometers (.6 to 1.2 miles) over a period of 8 months. ...

GRANAT is the Russian x-ray sattelite launched to the high apogee orbit (200,000 km) and operated almost for 10 years (1989 -1999) , carrying out four major instruments: French SIGMA coded-mask hard x-ray telescope (30-1000 keV), Soviet ART-P coded-mask telescope (2??-60?? keV), all-sky monitor WATCH (6-150 keV), and a gamma-burst detector PHEBUS . ... Since September 1994, GRANAT is in the survey mode. ... Explore pages devoted to individual GRANAT instruments (including main scientific results): . ...

... Solar System . ... Comets and Asteroids . ... Vision of Vesta: a dark feature with a diameter of approximately 100 kim near the asteroid's equator can be seen in this image from Dawn (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCLA/MPS/DLR/IDA) . Between Mars and Jupiter lies the Asteroid Belt. ... The Dawn space probe is expected to go into orbit around Vesta on 16 July, from there it will return some detailed images and other data, staying at the asteroid for about a year before setting off to visit Ceres. ...

... NASA SPACECRAFT FINDS NEW EVIDENCE FOR WATER ICE ON MERCURY . ... The new data indicate the water ice in Mercury's polar regions, if spread over an area the size of Washington, D.C., would be more than 2 miles thick," said David Lawrence, a MESSENGER participating scientist at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, Md., and lead author of one of three papers describing the findings. ... Water ice concentrations are derived from the hydrogen measurements. ...

... Pre-university education . ... Samara region . ... A small spacecraft Aist-2D , developed by the scientists of Samara State Aerospace University (SSAU) and the experts of the Rocket and Space Centre Progress will see from outer space what is hidden under the thick top of trees and below the Earth's surface. The radar equipment was installed on Aist-2D , which was delivered to the space launcher complex Vostochniy on January 22. ... Tomography of the Earth's ionosphere will also be carried out. ...

... Orbiter . Payload of the Orbiter . ... the instruments . ... ORBITER . Index . Instrument . Mass (kg) . ARGUS . ... visible and IR mapping spectrometer . ... planetary IR Fourier spectrometer . ... mapping visible and thermal radiometer . ... mapping high-resolut. spectrophotometer . ... multichannel optical s spectrometer . ... quadrupole mass-spectrometer . ... fast omnidir. energy-mass ion analyzer . ... wave complex . ... platform for ARGUS instruments . ... MASS-MEM . ...

... Brief_I/O VARIABLE I/O DESCRIPTION -------- --- -------------------------------------------------- positn I Position of the observer in body-fixed frame. u I Vector from the observer in some direction. a I Length of the ellipsoid semi-axis along the x-axis. b I Length of the ellipsoid semi-axis along the y-axis. c I Length of the ellipsoid semi-axis along the z-axis. point O Point on the ellipsoid pointed to by u. found O Flag indicating if u points at the ellipsoid. ... Link to routine source . ...

... Dawnт??s Ceres color map reveals surface diversity . ... A new color map of dwarf planet Ceres, which NASA's Dawn spacecraft has been orbiting since March, reveals the diversity of the surface of this planetary body. Differences in morphology and color across the surface suggest Ceres was once an active body, Dawn researchers said today at the 2015 General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union in Vienna. ... Only registered members of Astronomy.com are allowed to comment on this article. ...

... When the Voyager 2 spacecraft flew by the planet Uranus in January 1986, astronomers were treated to their first close-up glimpse of the satellites that orbit the seventh planet. ... But by far the most intriguing of those 15 satellites was a jigsaw-puzzle world called Miranda . ... How dark was it at Miranda? One of the Voyager scientists put it this way: Taking pictures in the Uranus system is like trying to do photography in a ballpark at night when the only light comes from a single candle. ...

... For this purpose, catalog entries for stars within 12њx6њ region centered at 12h 20m right ascension and 33њ declination were examined. ... In Figure 1, the distribution in Johnson V magnitude of all Tycho catalog entries for stars within 12њx6њ region centered at 12h 20m right ascension and 33њ declination is plotted . ... Figure 1 : Distribution of magnitude in Johnson V. This is for the 510 stars from the Tycho catalog in a 12њx6њ area in the center of the northern survey region. ...

Four NASA spacecraft and spacecraft from Japan and Europe are planned to be in operation at Mars in early 2004. In addition to the three tracking stations of NASA's Deep Space Network, located in Australia (which CSIRO oversees on behalf of NASA), Spain, and the USA, NASA has enlisted the 64-m Parkes dish of the ATNF to help track these spacecraft during the busy period, November 2003 to February 2004. NASA's Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Odyssey probes are already orbiting the planet. ...

JSC Turns 40 Home | ... Gallery . Johnson Space Center at 40 Years Imagery . ... S69-39996 --- The first Apollo 11 sample return container, with lunar surface material inside, is unloaded at the Lunar Receiving Laboratory, Building 37, Manned Spacecraft Center. The lunar samples were collected by astronauts Neil A. Armstrong and Edwin E. Aldrin Jr. during their lunar surface extravehicular activity. Curator: JSC Web Team | ... Updated 7/16/2010 . ...

... Delivery to the Martian surface of a group of vehicles to make up a self-propelled train . ... The vehicle was to be assembled in low-earth orbit and then launched towards Mars with a crew of six, three of which were to land on Mars. ... Upon completion of activities on the surface, the crew with soil samples and other research results were to return to the spacecraft in low Mars orbit and then blast off for Earth. ... MARTION MISSION | ... Official WEB-site of S.P.Korolev RSC Energia . ...