... We will consider the rms, (K), for observations with a receiver of system temperature, T , frequency resolution, per polarization, and total integration time per observing cycle, . ... For ``in-band'' frequency switching, the line under investigation is always in the observing band. ... Position Switching or ``Out-of-Band'' Frequency Switching: Here the line is only observed for one half of the time, with noise being present all of the time. ...

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• Example Observing Projects

Next: Radial velocity of the Up: Optical spectrum of IRAS04296 Previous: Observations and spectra reduction . ... However, molecular emission features are only very rarely observed in the optical spectra of PPNe. ... On the other hand, it is well known that cometary nuclei spectra show prominent Swan band emission. In both spectra of IRAS04296 we have discovered strong emission in the (0;0) and (0;1) bands of the Swan system of the molecule. ... Now consider the case of IRAS04296. ...

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• Fabry-Perot Interferometer: Gallery Old
• Observations and spectra reduction

Observation and modelling of main sequence star chromospheres. ... We compare our calculations to recent high res­ olution observations for selected stars in a narrow spectral range ((R­I) џ =0.875\Sigma0.05); we show that Hff line profiles behave as expected, with a tight correlation be­ tween the line width and equivalent width. ... We show that the hydrogen series dominate the radiative cooling in the spectral lines (form 40% to 90%) for Hff emission line stars. ...

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• http://star.arm.ac.uk/~ambn/abstract165.html
• Observations with the Faulkes Telescopes
• First CCD Observations of Asteroids from Armagh

... The J, H and K bands are characterized by a bright background, such a background is mainly due to the emission of atmospheric lines and of thermal radiation. ... If the source cover a large fraction of the slit, spectra off-source must be observed to adequately sample the sky background. ... The on chip integration time (time spent in each position of the slit) must not exceed 40 seconds in J and H bands and 60 seconds in K band. ... We suggest a sequence of 10 for each elementary integration time. ...

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• The Arcetri Spectral Code - E.Landi and M.Landini (2001)
• CHIANTI atomic database
• The puzzling core of the Phoenix cluster: deep X-ray observations

... However, the comparison of masses deduced from the continuum SIMBA 1.2 mm emission and virial masses (understood to trace the entire potential of the clouds) in a sample of giant molecular clouds in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) by previous studies found a discrepancy between these two quantities that requires explanation. ... Methods: New observations of the southwest region of the SMC were obtained with the LABOCA camera on the APEX telescope. ...

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• Herschel Detects a Massive Dust Reservoir in Supernova 1987A
• Stars as Observed in the Infrared
• A New Database of Observed Spectral Energy Distributions of Nearby Starburst

... For observations we selected all Case galaxies in the zone = - from the Case lists III, IV, V, VIII, XI, XII and XIII which were classified in the Case survey by some indication on presense of [O III ] 4959,5007 emission lines (vs - very strong, s - strong, m - medium, w - weak, w? - weak?) and which had not been observed yet. ... Аdditionally nine Markarian galaxies in the same sky region were observed in hope to have better completeness in picking up all probable BCGs. ...

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• Results of observations
• The Hamburg/SAO Survey for Emission-Line Galaxies
• Optical spectroscopy

... Observing . Observing details . ... Mike Keith has code to parse these schedules to produce a list of pulsar-specific Parkes observing. ... Please identify which observing sessions you can support and then click on "add new" on Mike's pulsar-specific schedule to add your name to the roster. ... Familiarise yourself with the current remote observing documentation listed below. ... The PPTA dashboard allows anyone to view the log from the current or any previous observing session: . ... PPTA log . ...

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• New HI Observations of the Prototype Polar Ring Galaxy NGC 4650A
• EGRET Observations of High-Energy Gamma Radiation from PSR B1706-44
• PPTA Wiki | Main / Observing

... Galaxies 99 Cosmic background with model of cloudy interstellar medium Yu. ... Figure 1: Averaged spectrum of the cosmic background I f in frequency range 0.25 200 MHz for the Galactic poles. ... First interpretation of the cosmic noise background spectrum at broad band frequency range 0.25 200 MHz with a model of the cloudy interstellar medium ISM is presented here. ... Synthesized background spectra I f for regions of the Galactic poles at the frequency range 0.25 200 MHz is presented in Fig. ...

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• http://www.gao.spb.ru/english/as/j2014/presentations/gross.pdf
• Pulkovo NEO Page: Estimation of Accuracy of the Observations

The problem of solar wind data correlation for the observations onboard several spacecraft is very important for three points of view: . ... This problem is studied now in detail by systematic determination of ion flux and ion velocity data correlations by INTERBALL-1 (IKI group), WIND and IMP 8 (both - MIT group). ... Solar wind plasma correlation lengths from IMP 8, WIND and INTERBALL-1. ... Correlation of solar wind observations onboard several spacecraft: INTERBALL-1, IMP 8 and WIND data. ...

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• Interball Workshop Posters
• Spacecraft Observing the Sun and the Heavens above
• Events on January 10-11, 1997 - INTERBALL observations

... Contacts . 2012: . ... We refined the fundamental parameters of the components, the orbital periods, and the conditions of photospheric heating of the secondary component by the ultraviolet radiation of the hot component. ... The observations of the star clusters associated with ultra-luminous x-ray sources (ULXs) in four galaxies on the 6-meter and VLT telescopes have shown that all the ULXs are located within 200pc of very young star clusters (younger than 5 million years). ... Archive . ...

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• Solar eclipse 2015
• Solar system sector, archive 1994
• Galaxy sector, archive 2008

... Publications with ESO Data . ... The tools have been developed for ESO by a team of astronomers at the Institute for Astro- and Particle Physics at the University of Innsbruck, as part of an in-kind contribution to ESO , which includes as well a model of the sky emission and transmission spectrum at Cerro Paranal. ... Skycorr provides an advanced instrument-independent sky-correction tool that removes sky emission in science spectra by means of sky spectra taken at a different time and sky location....

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• Observing list preparation
• ESO - Observing conditions: definitions
• ESO - My flux-calibrated data do not agree with independent photometric

... Simple X-ray Aperture Photometry Problem : Determine source intensity s and errors for an unresolved (point) x-ray source Know: · Number of counts , C, in source aperture (solid green ellipse) · Number of counts , B, in background aperture (dashed green elliptical annulus) · Areas As and Ab of source and background apertures · f = psf(x,y)dx dy over source aperture · g = psf(x,y)dx dy over background ... What happens if the single observation pdf 's are distinct? ...

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• The Diffuse X-Ray Background
• Disk Expansion and Absorption Line Profiles
• Chandra Images for G349.7+0.2

We report here on those proposed UIT targets that, in fact, were successfully acquired. ... Note on Filters: . A1 centered at 2500 angstroms with a width of 1200 angstroms . ... NGC 2300 is in a small group of galaxies which has a substantial amount of X-ray emission. ... LUNA again for 777 through lots of filters. ... Supernova 1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud was observed for 3740 seconds through B5, A1 and B1. ... NGC 5128 or Cen A was observed for 1454 seconds through the B1 filter. ...

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Multiphase Turbulence in Extragalactic Jet Cocoons Martin Krause Paul Alexander Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge The observations ( Alignment effect ) · Radio galaxies at redshift 0.5 show associated optical emission : emission lines + rest frame blue continuum, correlations of many properties are evidence for the interaction · ... Note the pronounced peak at 14,000 K. The system energy reduces much faster, the more cold mass added. ... No cool gas appears in the control run. ...

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• A possible turn-over in pulsar spectra at mm-wavelengths?
• VLBI observations of the quasar 3C380
• Molecular oxygen in interstellar clouds

... In order to compare the number of different evolutionary stages obtained and X-ray luminosity of the chosen X-ray sources with the observed galactic values we use the sum of C/O+O/C , where C and O are the calculated and observed values of a given binary type, respectively. If we make comparison for a number of different binary species (for example, we compare the number of CV, number of X-ray pulsars,   total X-ray luminosity of LMXB, etc.), we write this criterion in the form: . ...

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• The Radiopulsar PSRB1259-63 - a Probe in the Stellar Wind Plasma
• Supernova Explosions
• Seminars

CURRENT SHEET ENERGETICS, FLARE EMISSIONS, AND ENERGY PARTITION IN | SIMULATED AND OBSERVED SOLAR ERUPTIONS | ... We investigate coronal energy flow during a simulated coronal mass | ejection (CME), and compare observable characteristics of the simulation| |to observed eruptions. ... in the energy equation. ... flowing out the sides of the current sheet, the energy flowing out the | lower tip of the current sheet, and the energy flowing out the upper tip| |of the current sheet. ...

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• http://www.tesis.lebedev.ru/en/docs/128.pdf
• TESIS - Telescopes for EUV Spectral Imaging of the Sun
• The Sun - a summer without activity

Statistics of sunspot activity . The sunspot indices . ... NGDC's observations . The solar regions . ... Average annual indices . ... December . ... December, 2013 . Visual indices of solar activity by National Geophysical Data Center . ... Average . ...

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• The Sunspot Observer - Average annual indices of solar activity NGDC - March,
• The Sunspot Observer - Average annual indices of solar activity NGDC - April,
• The Sunspot Observer - Average annual indices of solar activity NGDC - May,...

... They are concerned with Attitude Control System of the spacecraft, satellite visibility from tracking stations, limits on the satellite autonomous operations during the orbit, and needs for auxiliary operations with the spacecraft. ... Among the operational constraints the most important one is the number of programmed slews per orbit, which determines the maximum number of radio sources to be observed during one orbit. ... System temperature (K) . ... Progress of the RadioAstron Project in Pictures...

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• RSOG Pre-Observation Products

Astronomy Discussion Forums . ... What I See . ... Follow Ups | Post Message | ... I have observed the Double Cluster, the BeeHive cluster and other open and various Globular Clusters. My main problem with my 114mm reflector is in its inabliity to bring deep sky objects. ... www.astronomy.net . About Astronomy Net | Advertise on Astronomy Net | ... Forum posts are Copyright their authors as specified in the heading above the post. "dbHTML," "AstroGuide," "ASTRONOMY.NET" & "VA.NET" . ...

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• So Where Is Mars Now? - an Astronomy Net Observation_reports Forum Message
• Observational Stellar Astronomy - an Astronomy Net Article
• Hi Again - an Astronomy Net Observation_reports Forum Message

... the time of observation . ... Observing the Changing Position of the Sun To Establish Cardinal Directions . ... Observations of the Sun's apparent movement across the sky and its pattern of rising and setting in the east and west horizon helped to establish the cardinal directions. ... The final stage of the Sun's return was marked by the observation that the Sun had reached its highest altitude when the full width of your mitted hand could fill the gap between the Sun and the horizon. ...

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• ASP: Guest Observer
• ASP: Star Science in the Autumn Sky
• ASP: Attacking Mars