PROJECT SUMMARY (max 3000 characters) The principal goals of the project are the observational and theoretical investigation of complex cosmic objects where the processes of dust scattering, absorption and emission play significant roles. ... Development of light scattering theory and computer codes to calculate the optical properties of non-spherical inhomogeneous particles and laboratory measurements of light scattering characteristics of irregularly shaped particles. ...

... The FOC suffers from various types of background, the most important of which are thermal electrons, Cerenkov radiation from high energy particles, geocoronal emission lines, zodiacal light, and light scattered within HST from the bright Earth or Moon. ... From on-orbit measurements using the f /96 camera, the former background has been found to vary with solar zenith distance (ZD); see Sections 6.4, 6.5, and 7.0 of the FOC Instrument Handbook , version 7.0, for more details. ...

... Despite new observation methods provided by radar and satellite instrumentation , optical measurements are still important when studying auroras . ... Because of the monochromatic nature of the auroral light, photomultiplier tubes with very narrow band filters were used in the measurements. ... The spectra of the background emissions from atmospheric impurities (clouds, ice crystals, etc.) is rather continuous, and measurements just outside the auroral emission lines are valid for the line itself. ...

. A "radio phoenix" has been discovered using X-ray, radio, and optical data. This system contains the collision of two galaxy clusters located about 1.6 billion light years from Earth. The collision re-energized a regeneration of vast clouds of high-energy particles that primarily radiate at radio frequencies. Understanding how galaxy clusters grow over time, including through collisions, is important for cosmology. X-ray: NASA/CXC/Univ of Hamburg/F. de Gasperin et al; Optical: SDSS; Radio: NRAO/VLA

Particles, Energy, and Cosmology Particles, Energy, and Cosmology Eugene Rotary Jim Brau February 5, 2008 1 The End of Physics "The more important fundamental laws and facts of physical science have all been discovered, and these are now so firmly established that the possibility of their ever being supplanted in consequence of new discoveries is exceedingly remote." ... Creation of massive matter (E=mc2) Particles, Energy, and Cosmology Eugene Rotary Jim Brau February 5, 2008 8 What is matter? ...

... ATNF Home . ... About ATNF overview . ... Australia Telescope Steering Committee . ... Australia Telescope User Committee . ... Astrophysics graduate student programs . ... Facilities . ATNF facilities . ... Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder . Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory . ... Parkes radio telescope . Australia Telescope Compact Array . ... Visiting Parkes radio telescope . Visiting Australia Telescope Compact Array . ... Parkes radio telescope webcam . ...

... Moscow, Russia E-mail: krivosheev@iki.rssi.ru Notes: · · The Monte Carlo method (s) is also called the statistical test method An innumerable number of processes can be listed the outcome of which is not determined and has probabilistic nature, but these processes obey statistical laws, so to obtain the result we have to make multiple similar tests, i.e. to use the MC method Because probabilistic processes are widely spread in nature, the MC ...

Static Fourier spectrometers are often used for spectral measurements of the ionosphere emissions. There are two main advantages of Fourier spectrometers (FS) - large geometric factor and high spectral resolution; these parameters are two orders better than for grating spectral instruments. ... In scanning Fourier spectrometer