On optical characteristics of non-spherical scatterers . ... Usually one assumes that the radiation from a very distant source is incident on a scatterer and then this radiation can be represented by a plane wave . ... Amplitude matrix . ... The elements of the amplitude matrix on the directions of propagation of the incident and scattered radiations, the size, morphology and chemical composition of the scatterer as well as its orientation in the laboratory system. ... Scattering matrix . ...

... the radiative transfer equation (RTE) for the randomly-irregular magnetized plasma has been derived on the base of general grounds of the multiple scattering theory . ... Solutions of several absolute tasks of the scattering theory have been obtained (on the optical depth of the ionospheric plasma layer, on the value of radio wave anomalous attenuation, on anomalous refraction, on the backscattered signal intensity for the source being placed within a plasma layer). ...

... Magnetic fields, subatomic particles, etc., traveling in different directions fill the universe. Do they deflect or otherwise affect one another? If so, isnт??t the information we get from them distorted? ... Neutrino astronomy, which is still in its infancy, is attractive because neutrinos interact so weakly with matter that few of these distorting effects occur. Get instant access to subscriber content on Astronomy.com! ...

... We start investigating the results from a non-magnetized (isotropic) plasma, before including the external magnetic field so important for space physics. ... propagating above the electron plasma frequency, w(pe) (reflection point for the waves) . note that, for very high frequencies, both phase and group velocities are equal to light velocity c, and we have electromagnetic wave in free space: even the electrons are unable to respond to the rapidly oscillating electric field! . ...

... The polarimetry group at the Arcetri Observatory has been working for several years, mainly from the theoretical-interpretative side, on the polarization of the radiation emitted by objects of astrophysical interest. ... E. Landi Degl'Innocenti "The physics of polarization" in "Astrophysical Spectropolarimetry", J. Trujillo Bueno, F. Moreno Insertis, F. Sanchez (eds.), Cambridge University Press, 1. ... E. Landi Degl'Innocenti "The Zeeman effect: applications to solar physics" Astron. ...

... Ah ha~ Once I questioned, ?what is systematic error?? (see [Q] systematic error. Thanks to L. Lyons? work discussed in [ArXiv] Particle Physics , I found this paper, titled Systematic Errors describing the concept and statistical inference related to systematic errors in the field of particle physics. ... Tags: coverage , Heinrich , likelihood , Lyons , nuisance parameter , objective priors , p-value , particle physics , statistical error , subjective priors , systematic error . ...

... Докладчик - профессор Д. Расмуссен (Дания) (Professor Jens Juul Rasmussen, Risoe National Laboratory, Optics and Plasma Research Department, Denmark) 9 июня 2004 г. - "Turbulent Equipartition and Anomalous Transport in Electrostatic Plasma Turbulence" Abstract. ... 5] Garcia, O.E., Naulin, V., Nielsen, A.H., and Rasmussen, J. Juul, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 165003, (2004). 11 июня 2004 г. - "Particle diffusion and density flux in low frequency, electrostatic plasma turbulence" Abstract. ...

... Primordial theory review : Dick Bond . Defects and the CMB review : Andy Albrecht . ... Gravitational wave contribution to CMB anisotropies : V.B. Lukash and E.V. Mikheeva . C_l from cosmic strings : Lloyd Knox . Some aspects of CMB anisotropies induced from topological defects : Mairi Sakellariadou . ... CMB anisotropies from scaling sources : Ruth Durrer . ... SZ observations I : Sarah Church . ... Holes in the microwave sky? ... Detecting cosmic strings in the CMB : James Robinson . ...

MATHEMATICAL MODELING: . ... This model is developed on the base of the probabilistic description of the collisional aeronomical processes and is realized on a computer as the numerical system (stochastic model). ... Shematovich, V.I., Bisikalo , D.V.             Nonequilibrium processes in the planetary and cometary atmospheres. ... In Russian) . ... Piarnpuu , A. A.; and Shematovich, V. I.       Construction of structural stochastic models of collision processes in rarefied gas media (abstract) . ...

... How is it described Origins of polarized light How is it important to astrophysics How is it measured 3 Polarized waves: linear 4 Thursday , 30 September 2010 Polarized waves: linear 4 Thursday , 30 September 2010 ... at any angle 5 Thursday , 30 September 2010 or Circular - LCP, RCP Right 6 Thursday , 30 September 2010 or Circular - LCP, RCP Right 6 Thursday , 30 ... Sky light is polarized, maximally at 90 degrees to the sun. ...

Some radio clocks and related timekeeping gear have a pulse-per- second (PPS) signal that can be used to discipline the local clock oscillator to a high degree of precision, typically to the order less than 50 us in time and 0.1 PPM in frequency. ... Either way requires conversion of the PPS signal, usually at TTL levels, to RS232 levels, which can be done using a circuit such as described in the Gadget Box PPS Level Converter and CHU Modem page. ...

Next: Field of View Up: CCD Scientific Performance Previous: Back Illumination . The CCD acts as a storage medium, and with frame times of the order seconds, there is no obvious method of employing prompt co-incidence rejection of charged particle events. ... In conventional CCDs, a m track length results in an equivalent energy deposition of 5 - 6 keV, and significant confusion with X-ray events arises. ... A trade-off between rejection efficiency and spectroscopic efficiency is required. ...

... The first of the equations defines the position of the spectral orders, m , in the raw image, while the second equation gives, for each order, the dispersion relation in one dimension. ... where the coefficients are computed using least squares techniques on a grid , i.e. sample number and line number of points located within the spectral orders of the image. These points in the grid are found automatically by an order--following algorithm, normally using the FLAT or STD image. ...

... 3 ­ Sternberg State Astronomical Institute, Moscow, :jeanna@sai.msu.ru The graphic method of the analysis of an arrangement of linear structural elements on geographical and geological maps of continents (A.V.Dolitsky, [1]) has allowed to find out global stress fields of the past and among them one which directions (the main normal and maximal tangents) describe more than 80 % of all linear elements of a relief. ... The found poles share program way on density of an arrangement on 3-4 groups. ...

... In brief: the frequency-dependent radiative transfer equation is solved for a dust under assumption of spherically-symmetric geometry for its distribution taking into account particle size distribution and quantum heating effects for the very small dust particles. ... Table: Model parameters for IRAS04296+3429. ... parameter . ... hot dust shell) . ... The best fit to the spectral energy distribution of IRAS04296 is shown by heavy solid line (see Table2 for details concerning parameters of the model...

BNO is in Baksan Gorge at the Northern Caucasus . ... The Baksan Underground Scintillation Telescope (BUST) of volume 3000 cubic centimeters at a depth of more 300 m. The mountainous plant ANDYRCHI to register wide air showers located over BUST on the area 5*10 4 square metres. The complex of surface plants KOVER including a large muon detector, a scintillation telescope and a neutrino monitor meant for studying the hard component of cosmic rays and wide air showers. ...

... The described algorithm is suitable for measurements of complex images of stars. ... a) the zero-based number of stars in the complex (multicentric) image, . b) set of preliminary coordinates - x i , y i , for all stars, index i is number of a star, . ... i - index of a star in the complex image; . ... These parameters are calculated by a nonlinear method of a least squares.The main output parameters of this algorithm are x i , y i ; where the index i is number of a star in the multicentric image. ...

Blackholes2 Forum Message . Forums: . ... Firtual Particles Are Not Only Particle Pairs . ... Posted by Richard Ruquist on October 19, 2004 12:03:20 UTC . ... Vacuum production of virtual particle pairs cannot violate the uncertainty principle. ... This theory is dual to the particle theory of gravitons. ... www.astronomy.net . About Astronomy Net | ... Forum posts are Copyright their authors as specified in the heading above the post. "dbHTML," "AstroGuide," "ASTRONOMY.NET" & "VA.NET" . ...

... Recent Topics . ... MAO main . ... The third-order space-by-time relation . ... Тема: The third-order space-by-time relation . ... The mass m experiences a gravity force toward the sun and . ... will experience the Coriolis force or Coriolis acceleration. ... differentiated space-by-time twice and discovered equation2. ... If one differentiates . ... time differentiation of space-by-time. ... third-order space-by-time relation. ... understand the third-order space-by-time relation. ... MAO NASU . ...

... According to the big bang theory, huge amounts of energy were released, giving rise to matter, antimatter and dark matter. ... The Big Bang Theory has enabled scientists to make certain predictions. ... These particles are the building blocks of matter, antimatter and dark matter. ... This could theoretically happen if the hydrogen was shockheated to over 100000 C. The Big Bang Theory is only a theory and so there is no concrete evidence to suggest that it is entirely correct. ...