Deep Time: Earth's history and future By Colin Johnston, Armagh Planetarium Earth 4.54 billion years ago Forms in Sun's protoplanetary disc S un Elsewhere in Solar System Other planets form. ... Hot and airless Sun a subgiant, diameter 1.5 its current value, 2 6.4 billion years from no w ? ... Earth cools 20 million years later? ... Core temperature about 55 million°C, helium flash, followed by the Sun shrinking Sun is 10 times its current diameter, luminosity 20-50% current value. ...

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• How has Mars changed over billions of years? | Astronotes

... Pangea Ultima: Earth in 250 Million Years . ... 2.10.2000 . ... The surface of the Earth is broken up into several large plates that are slowly shifting. About 250 million years ago, the plates on which the present-day continents rest were positioned quite differently , so that all the landmasses were clustered together in one supercontinent now dubbed Pangea . ... Publications with keywords: Earth - Pangea Ultima . Publications with words: Earth - Pangea Ultima . ... Pantheon Earth and Moon . ...

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• Астронет > Pangea Ultima: Earth in 250 Million Years
• XWare > APOD

... 2007 September 22 . Pangea Ultima: Earth in 250 Million Years? ... About 250 million years ago, the plates on which the present-day continents rest were positioned quite differently , so that all the landmasses were clustered together in one supercontinent now dubbed Pangea . About 250 million years from now, the plates are again projected to reposition themselves so that a single landmass dominates. ... APOD editor to review best space pictures in Philadelphia on Wednesday . ... About APOD | ...

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• APOD: 2000 October 2 - Pangea Ultima: Earth in 250 Million Years
• Titan
• APOD: 2008 May 13 - Ancient Craters of Southern Rhea

... One of this year's largest mass ejections from the Sun's atmosphere was recorded last Sunday by TESIS telescopes aboard the CORONAS-PHOTON satellite ( video - wmv 4.3 MB ). ... Over the course of a week, two gigantic solar prominences were simultaneously ejected from the surface of the Sun. ... Earth will not feel the Sun's influence either. ... The TESIS observatory ї TESIS: www.tesis.lebedev.ru . ... One of this year's largest mass ejections from the Sun's atmosphere (movie WMV, 4.3 MB) . ...

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• The CORONAS-PHOTON has registered the formation of the Sun's southern belt of

The Sun is our nearest star and the source of energy for life on Earth. ... For centuries astronomers wondered whether they were clouds floating in the Sun's atmosphere, but we now know that they really are huge regions of magnetic field, about as intense as the field at the poles of an iron magnet. ... Such abrupt events were named solar flares , and what made them especially interesting was that occasionally, after a prominent flare, a magnetic storm would erupt on Earth. ...

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• Why do people want to explore Mars
• Titan
• Venus

... Conditions are like those inside a white dwarf. ... It is not well understood what changes are caused inside the star, but the star certainly loses mass between leaving the main sequence and becoming a helium-burning horizontal branch star. When core helium burning ends, the low mass star rejoins the asymptotic giant branch, where the hydrogen and helium burning shells interact, causing a series of thermal pulses. ... Stars less than one third of a solar mass will not ignite helium at all. ...

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• Hot subdwarfs
• Armagh Observatory
• C.S. Jeffery, Research Astronomer

Hubble Finds Oxygen Atmosphere On Jupiter's Moon Europa . Astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope (HST) have identified the presence of an extremely tenuous atmosphere of molecular oxygen around Jupiter's second moon, Europa . ... Europa's oxygen atmosphere is so tenuous that its surface pressure is barely one hundred billionth that of the Earth," said Principal Investigator Doyle Hall, of Johns Hopkins. ... The oxygen gas slowly leaks into space and must be replenished continuously. ...

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• Appendix C - The Probability of Collisions with Earth
• What is a Comet?
• Mars Global Surveyor

Журнал ПОВЕРХНОСТЬ публикует оригинальные статьи и обзоры по наиболее актуальным проблемам изучения поверхностных явлений. ... Редакция журнала 'Поверхность. ... Англоязычная версия журнала Journal of Surface Investigation . X-Ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques выходит 6 раз в год . The Journal of Surface Investigation. X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques ( Poverkhnost '. ... X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques is abstracted and/or indexed in (Impact Factor 0.359): . ...

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• Laboratory of spectroscopy of defect structures ISSP RAS

... ATNF Home . ... About ATNF overview . ... Australia Telescope Steering Committee . ... Australia Telescope User Committee . ... Astrophysics graduate student programs . ... Facilities . ATNF facilities . ... Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder . Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory . ... Parkes radio telescope . Australia Telescope Compact Array . ... Visiting Parkes radio telescope . Visiting Australia Telescope Compact Array . ... Parkes radio telescope webcam . ...

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• MNRF Surface extension project
• An HI selected sample of galaxies -- The HI mass function and the surface
• Accretion onto Magnetic White Dwarfs

In this gallery are many images of Low Surface Brightness Galaxies which have recently been discovered and analyzed. ... The central surface brightness of this galaxy is 24.28 . Malin 2 This galaxy is another huge disk galaxy with a scale length of 15 kpc and a redshift of 15000 km/a. The high surface brightness knot in one of its spiral arms actually has the same color, luminosity and H-alpha equivalent width as the entire Large Magellanic Cloud . ... Truly it is a Low Surface Brightness Galaxy. ...

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• The Three Planet System
• Obstacles to Evolving on the Land: Plate Tectonics
• The Galaxy Gallery Page 6: Comparative Morphology

... The Sun is powered by nuclear fusion: hydrogen `burns' to form helium, releasing energy . ... At an age of ~10 billion years (slightly over twice its present age), the Sun will exhaust the fuel available in its core. ... Pressure overwhelms gravity, and over a period of a few hundred thousand years, the Sun evolves into a `red giant' . ... Red giants have lifetimes of less than 100 million years. The temperature in the red giant core increases to 100 million degrees . ... The Ring Nebula . ...

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• brown dwarfs - 3
• John H. Debes
• Residual Image

... Tonight's Sky . ... The Magazine . ... Observing . ... The double star 54 Leonis, spiral galaxy NGC 3198, and emission nebula NGC 3199 . ... Astronomy for Kids . ... Observing springtime deep-sky objects with a large telescope . ... Bright planets meet at dusk . ... Astronomy magazine subscribers can read the full article for free. ... Get instant access to subscriber content on Astronomy.com! ... Receive news, sky-event information, observing tips, and more from Astronomy's weekly email newsletter....

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• Astronomers once thought Pluto's atmosphere would condense down to the surface
• Cassini reveals oxygen atmosphere of Saturn's moon Rhea | Astronomy.com
• Rosettaт??s target comet is becoming active | Astronomy.com

Mal Ruderman (KIPAC, Stanford) . What do we see when we look at the surface of a neutron star from a great distance? ... The new point that is made is a consequence of near-relativistic electron-positron flows expected in the near-magnetosphere's of "young" (not older than about a million years) neutron stars. Because of cyclotron resonance scattering by these pair-flows on surface X-ray and UV emission, we do not see unprocessed suface emission. ...

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The Earth. ... The middle raiding of the Earth is 6371,032 km, the pole 6356,777 km equatorial - 6378,160 km. The Earth surface area is 510,2 mln km^2, 70,8% of which is the World ocean. ... According to the modern cosmogonical views the Earth was formed 4,6 - 4,7 billions years ago from the protoplanet cloud captured by the Sun. ... The Earth is conditionally divided into 3 parts: a bark a cloak and a core (in the centre). The external layer - the bark is 35 km thick. ... Above the Earth. ...

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• venerae
• marse
• jupitere

... Depending on the size of the original lump of gas and dust, the process of stellar birth can give rise to different sorts of stars. ... A lump in the middle, not too small and not too large, becomes a middling star such as the Sun. ... For an idea of the Sun's life expectancy, astronomers look to clusters of stars, such as one named Messier 67, which is about the same age as our Sun. ... The Sun's outer layers, freed from the gravitational clutches of the core, will waft away. ...

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• ASP: Exploring Venus
• ASP: Black Holes
• ASP: The Magellan Spacecraft at Venus

... Energy . ... Solar Wind . ... Field . ... The Sun is our nearest star and the source of energy for life on Earth. ... For centuries astronomers wondered whether they were clouds floating in the Sun's atmosphere, but we now know that they really are huge regions of magnetic field, about as intense as the field at the poles of an iron magnet. For some reason the field slows down the flow of heat from the Sun's interior and keeps sunspots slightly cooler than their surroundings. ... Solar Eclipses . ...

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• PhSRM
• The Solar Wind
• One of Gilbert's Experiments

... The remote planet Pluto and its moon Charon orbit the Sun at a mean distance of almost 6,000 million kilometres, or nearly fourty times farther out than the Earth. During a recent investigation by an international group of astronomers [1], the best picture ever of Pluto and Charon [2] was secured with the European Space Agency's Faint Object Camera at the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). ... The new HST image was taken when Charon was near its maximum elongation from Pluto (0.9 arcseconds). ...

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• Gaitee Hussain @ ESO
• Simultaneous Views of Titan's Surface and Atmosphere | ESO
• Simultaneous Views of Titan's Surface and Atmosphere | ESO Ireland

... Home Articles Optical Surface Cleaning Procedure . ... Clear Sky Chart . This Month's Sky . ... Beyond New York City . ... Optical Surface Cleaning Procedure . Observing Resources for Amateur Astronomers - Part 1: Beginning Observers . Observing Resources for Amateur Astronomers - Part 2: Intermediate Observers . ... A History of the First Forty Years of the Amateur Astronomers Association . ... 2016 Amateur Astronomers Association of New York Designed by Press Customizr Powered by . ...

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• Lecture Series 2015-2016 ? Amateur Astronomers Association of New York
• Lecture Series 2010-2011 ? ?The History of the Universe in One Hour? by Max
• Lecture Series 2011-2012 ? тАЬSearching for Earthlike WorldsтАЭ ? Debra Fischer

... Bad Astronomy . ... On Thursday, February 15th 2001 (and replayed on March 19), the Fox TV network aired a program called ``Conspiracy Theory: Did We Land on the Moon?'', hosted by X-Files actor Mitch Pileggi. ... Dust around the lander . ... However, it appeals to our common sense: when the sky is black here on Earth, we see stars. ... Bad: The program claims that when the top half of the lander took off from the Moon to bring the astronauts back into orbit, there was no flame from the rocket. ...

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• Phil Plait's Bad Astronomy: Bitesize Astronomy
• Phil Plait's Bad Astronomy: Bitesize Tour of the Solar System
• Phil Plait's Bad Astronomy: Misconceptions

... Nizhnij Arkhyz, 2007 . ... Romanyuk I.I. Speech at the opening ceremony of the conference "Physics of magnetic stars" . ... Gnedin Yu.N. Magnetic fields of stars and fundamental particle physics . ... Landstreet J.D., Andretta V., Bagnulo S., Mason E., Silaj J., Wade G.A. The magnetic fields of peculiar A and B stars in open clusters . ... Wade G.A., Catala C., Alecian E., Folsom C., Bagnulo S., Bohm T., Bouret J.-C., Donati J.-F., Drouin D. , Landstreet J.D. Magnetic fields in Herbig Ae/Be stars . ...

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• Galaxy sector, archive 2014
• HD965
• Suppression of cooling by strong magnetic fields in white dwarf stars