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... Abell 1795: A Galaxy Cluster s Cooling Flow . ... Astronomers have realized since the early 1970s that the larger swarms, immense clusters of galaxies millions of light-years across, are immersed within tenuous clouds of hot gas which glow strongly in x-rays. ... The Earth's surface is broken. ... Earth's North Magnetic Pole . ... A magnetic compass does not point toward the true North Pole of the Earth. Rather, it more closely points toward the North Magnetic Pole of the Earth. ...

... The TRACE images may be used without restrictions in publications of any kind. ... These two images, taken on 18 November 2000 at 15:54UT and 16:11UT, respectively, show such an event: the red circle in the image to the left shows a region where many loops are cooling, with bright loop tops (the intensity scales with the square root of the image to reduce the dynamic range). ... See also a collection of images related to the Sun, other cool stars, and solar-terrestrial effects . ... Images | ...

... Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, +44 (0)28 3752 2928 . ... They are now believed to be dust from the tails of old comets. Meteorology - the study of the weather - has been carried out in Armagh since 1795. ... The Earth's weather systems are driven by energy from the Sun. ... The best example of solar variability is an 11 year cycle in the number of spots on the surface of the Sun. ... Dendrochronology is the dating of wood samples from the pattern of tree-ring growth. ...

... One possible application of a solar sail is a spacecraft to warn Earth of approaching interplanetary disturbances and shocks. ... Spacecraft that can provide such a warning are currently stationed at (or near) the Lagrangian L1 point , between the Earth and the Sun--at about 4 times the distance of the moon and 1/100 times that of the Sun. ... Because of the greater distance from Earth, the Earth's pull there is weaker, not enough to make the spacecraft match the Earth's motion around the Sun. ...

One possible application of a solar sail is a spacecraft to warn Earth of approaching interplanetary disturbances and shocks. ... Spacecraft that can provide such a warning are currently stationed at (or near) the Lagrangian L1 point , between the Earth and the Sun--at about 4 times the distance of the moon and 1/100 times that of the Sun. ... Because of the greater distance from Earth, the Earth's pull there is weaker, not enough to make the spacecraft match the Earth's motion around the Sun. ...

A tale of two planets: the history of Earth and Mars compared 4.54 billion years ago 4.527 billion years ago 4.5-4 billion years ago Earth Forms in Sun's proto-planetary disc Collision with other planet; Formation of the Moon Mainly carbon dioxide atmosphere , surface water , molten core and magnetic field Mars Forms in Sun's proto-planetary dis c 4 billion years ... Atmosphere becoming rich in oxygen Earliest life in oceans? ...

Today's Picture: June 23, 1995 . Gamma Ray All Sky Map . Picture Credit: NASA, Compton Gamma Ray Observatory . Explanation: What if you could "see" gamma rays? This computer processed image represents a map of the entire sky at photon energies above 100 million electron Volts. ... In the early 1990s NASA's Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, in orbit around the Earth, scanned the entire sky to produce this picture. ... We keep an archive of previous Astronomy Pictures of the Day. ...

STScI . The Faint Early Sun: Paradox, Problem, or Distraction? ... The Faint Early Sun: . ... That low luminosity is a problem when combined with what we know about the early atmosphere of the Earth because if the Earth?s surface were to become covered in ice then the albedo would be high enough to prevent the young planet from recovering. ... How much glaciation occurred at those early epochs? ... What limits can we set on the state at different times of the atmosphere and surface of early Mars? ...

... One of this year's largest mass ejections from the Sun's atmosphere was recorded last Sunday by TESIS telescopes aboard the CORONAS-PHOTON satellite ( video - wmv 4.3 MB ). ... Over the course of a week, two gigantic solar prominences were simultaneously ejected from the surface of the Sun. ... Earth will not feel the Sun's influence either. ... The TESIS observatory ¿ TESIS: www.tesis.lebedev.ru . ... One of this year's largest mass ejections from the Sun's atmosphere (movie WMV, 4.3 MB) . ...

... Tonight's Sky . ... Observing . ... Sky this Month . ... Asteroid will disintegrate in Earth's atmosphere Monday . Asteroid 2008 TC3 should blaze brightly as it slams into Earth's atmosphere October 6. ... Astronomers predict a small asteroid discovered earlier today will enter Earth's atmosphere tonight. ... Only registered members of Astronomy.com are allowed to comment on this article. ... Receive news, sky-event information, observing tips, and more from Astronomy's weekly email newsletter. ...

Hot stars of *spectral type O, B, and A. They were originally thought, wrongly, to be at an earlier stage of evolution that *late-type stars. ... Young massive O stars that show selectively enhanced emission lines of ionized helium (HeII) and nitrogen (NIII) in addition to a well-developed absorption spectum. ... The emission lines are thought to arise in an expanding stellar atmosphere moving at very high speeds of up to 3000 km/s so that the star is continuously and rapidly losing mass. ...

... Astrophysics Group . ... Galactic Á€˜hailstormÁ€™ in the early Universe . ... SKA AAVS0 array . Beam measurement and calibration of the SKA AAVS0 array at Lord?s Bridge using a UAV system . Cavendish Laboratory involved in major instrumental project to investigate galaxy evolution and to map the Milky Way . ... SKA Aperture Array in Australia . SKA production design with Cambridge Consultants Ltd . ... 2013, Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE . ...

One of the major unknowns in the history of Earth is concerned with the effects on the Earth of the Late Heavy Bombardment, documented on the moon during ~3.95-3.85 billion years. To date pre-3.6 billion years-old terrains disclose little evidence for asteroid impacts, likely due to the masking of their textural, mineralogical and geochemical signatures by high grade metamorphism. ... To date at least 15 such events are recorded in South Africa and Western Australia. ...

... In a solar prominence, charged particles stream up from the Sun, spiraling around magnetic field structures poking out of the solar surface, and ultimately fall back along those structures into the Sun. ... As evolution would predict, animals' eyes sense the colors of light emitted most strongly by the Sun. ... The tiny Moon can completely cover the disk of the Sun, blocking most of the emitted visible light, and reveal the Sun's faint outer atmosphere called the corona...a mass of incandescent gas ...

Russian SHAREABLE DATA CENTER Institute of Solar-Terrestial Physics SB RAS . ... Although their determination is based on the scattering process model, independent check-ups by rocket experiments have shown their correctness in experimental applications. ... Ionospheric data analysis, especially during strong disturbances, cannot be without some other kinds of diagnostic tools. ... The lack of data has always been a challange in this case. ...

... Special Reports Giant space cloud may be powered by black holes 17:57 23 April 2007 NewScientist.com news service David Shiga An enormous cloud of roiling plasma in space may be drawing its energy from black holes, new observations suggest. Such clouds might be sources for the mysterious particles that occasionally crash into Earth's atmosphere at ultra - high speed. ... But higher energy particles in the cloud may be able to escape, he says. ...

Magnetic Flux of EUV Arcades and Dimmings as a Relevant Parameter . ... We study events of the 23th cycle, in which major non-recurrent geomagnetic storms (GMS) with Dst < - 100 nT are sufficiently reliably identified with their solar sources in the central part of the disk. ... Figure 3: FD magnitude vs. eruptive magnetic flux . Figure 4: Geomagnetic storm intensiry (Dst index) vs. eruptive magnetic flux . Figure 5: Geomagnetic storm onset and peak transit times vs. eruptive magnetic flux . ...

... High-pressures experiments are mostly aimed at studying phase transformations in solids, synthesising new phases and studying their composition, crystal and magnetic structure, physical and thermodynamical properties. ... The specific feature of investigations at LHPP that distinguishes it from most other high-pressure laboratories is combining in situ measurements with studies at ambient pressure of new high-pressure phases fixed by quenching to liquid nitrogen temperature. ...

... Bad Astronomy . ... Mad Science . ... Keep Bad Astronomy close to your heart, and help make me filthy rich. ... If the earth moved closer to the sun by a millionth of an inch, would the earth burn up? ... Well, I'm not sure what you're teacher meant by that, but I assure you, the Earth could move lots closer to the Sun without burning up! ... In January the Earth is closest to the Sun: it's about 147 million kilometers away (a kilometer is a little more than half a mile). ... 2008 Phil Plait. ...