Jupiter's volcano-pocked moon Io has been found by NASA's Galileo spacecraft to have a giant iron core that takes up half its diameter, scientists report in today's issue of Science magazine. The spacecraft also has detected a large "hole" in Jupiter's magnetic field near Io, leading to speculation about whether Io possesses its own magnetic field. ... Galileo scientists also are trying to determine the cause of the hole they found in Jupiter's magnetic field when the spacecraft was closest to Io. ...

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... Jupiter's icy moon Europa has a metallic core and layered internal structure similar to the Earth's , while the heavily cratered moon Callisto is a mixture of metallic rock and ice with no identifiable central core, according to new results from NASA's Galileo mission . In addition, recent plasma wave observations from Galileo show no evidence of a magnetic field or magnetosphere around Callisto, but do hint at the prospect of a tenuous atmosphere. ... Jupiter Galileo . ...

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• Galileo Crosses Boundary Into Jupiter's Environment
• New Discoveries From Galileo
• New Images Hint at Wet and Wild History For Europa

... The spacecraft of Magion type have been selected as the subsatellites of the Interball project: Magion-4 (C2-X) for the Tail Probe and Magion-5 (C2-A) for the Auroral Probe. ... Magion-4 was produced in the Czech Republic in collaboratrion with Russia, Ukraine, Hungary, Austria and has onboard scientific instruments and sensors designed and built in Czech Republic, Russia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Slovak Republic. ... Plasma flow detector VDP-S (Czech Republic, Russia) . ...

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• Polar Orbiting Satellites
• Scientific Programme
• Space Weather

... SSAU scientists, specialists and students were engaged in creation of new scientific equipment for the new satellite for about two years. ... It will participate in the first launch campaign from the space-launch complex Vostochniy. ... The first launch from Vostochniy will perform the Samara carrier rocket Soyuz-2.1a , which will orbit another device created by SSAU scientists and students - nanosatellite SamSat-218 , as well as the university spacecraft Mikhail Lomonosov (Moscow State University)....

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• Young SSAU scientists will guide the orbital constellation of the satellites
• Samara University scientists have developed a new technology to create solar
• SSAU scientists will 'teach' nanosatellites to manoeuvre in orbit

NASA Press Release Text - June 24, 1996 GALILEO READY FOR CLOSE FLYBY OF JUPITER'S BIGGEST MOON Now residing in orbit around Jupiter, NASA's Galileo spacecraft is primed for its first close flyby of Jupiter's largest moon, Ganymede, at 2:29 a.m. EDT on June 27, 1996. ... In the days just before and after the Ganymede flyby, Galileo's other studies will include a search for auroral activity on Jupiter's nightside and observations of other Jovian moons: Io, Europa and Callisto. ...

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• Medium
• APOD: August 7, 1997 - Jupiter's Ring Halo
• APOD: Galileo Views Ganymede

NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft has entered a new region between our solar system and interstellar space, which scientists are calling the stagnation region. ... This image shows that the inner edge of the stagnation region is located about 113 astronomical units (10.5 billion miles or 16.9 billion kilometers) from the Sun. Voyager 1 is currently about 119 astronomical units (11 billion miles or 17.8 billion kilometers) from the Sun. The distance to the outer edge is unknown. ...

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• Do the magnetic fields of the planets affect spacecraft during flybys? |
• How do scientists know that the particles revealed after a proton or lead ion
• Voyager I cruising on a "magnetic highway" | Astronomy.com

Astronotes Armagh Planetarium's Stellar Blog! ... This image combines orbital imagery with 3-D modelling to show flows that appear in spring and summer on a slope inside Mars' Newton crater. ... Warm season flows on a slope in Newton Crater, possible evidence of salty liquid water active on Mars today. Image credit: NASA) . ... Frozen water is common on and under the surface of Mars but these images are the best evidence to date for the presence of liquid water on the Martian surface today. ...

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• Wan Hu: China's first spaceman? | Astronotes
• Human Exploration | Astronotes - Part 4
• Armagh Planetarium: can YOU be a Rocket Scientist? | Astronotes

... Readily produced in nuclear reactions and particle collisions, they can easily pass completely through planet Earth without once interacting with any other particle. ... Recent photographs by the spacecraft Mars Global Surveyor, currently in orbit around Mars, show features unusual for Mars yet similar to a dried pond on Earth. ... The quake was the first ever recorded on the Sun, but only because astronomers have only recently figured out when and how to find them using the orbiting SOHO spacecraft...

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... According to the big bang theory, huge amounts of energy were released, giving rise to matter, antimatter and dark matter. ... The Big Bang Theory has enabled scientists to make certain predictions. ... These particles are the building blocks of matter, antimatter and dark matter. ... This could theoretically happen if the hydrogen was shockheated to over 100000 C. The Big Bang Theory is only a theory and so there is no concrete evidence to suggest that it is entirely correct. ...

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• Astrodynamics 101
• It's Raining Again - It Must Be Wednesday! By Caroline Pereira, Armagh
• Terry Mosely's Bulletins

... A small yet powerful planning and scheduling toolkit has been built for the Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite ( SWAS ) Small Explorer spacecraft. ... The simple design, minimal resource requirements and easy extensibility of the SWAS planning and scheduling toolkit should make it useful for other space astronomy missions. ... The relatively severe time and manpower constraints for the development of the SWAS Planning and Scheduling toolkit have forced it to remain small and simple. ...

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... Project page . ... Project workpage . Turbulence in the Multiphase Interstellar Medium . Project I | ... Project highlight | ... Towards simulating turbulence with adaptive meshes . ... A. Kritsuk, P. Padoan, M. Norman . ... A. Kritsuk M. Norman . ... A. Kritsuk, M. Norman, P. Padoan . astro-ph/0411626 | ... P. Padoan, A. Kritsuk, M. Norman, A. Nordlund . ... Introducing Enzo, an AMR Cosmology Application . B. O'Shea, G. Bryan, J. Bordner, M. Norman, T. Abel, R. Harkness, A. Kritsuk . ...

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• Spherical particles
• Geometrical optics approximation (GO)
• Hydrogenated amorphous carbon

GRANAT is the Russian x-ray sattelite launched to the high apogee orbit (200,000 km) and operated almost for 10 years (1989 -1999) , carrying out four major instruments: French SIGMA coded-mask hard x-ray telescope (30-1000 keV), Soviet ART-P coded-mask telescope (2??-60?? keV), all-sky monitor WATCH (6-150 keV), and a gamma-burst detector PHEBUS . ... Since September 1994, GRANAT is in the survey mode. ... Explore pages devoted to individual GRANAT instruments (