We cannot observe the way the distant universe accelerates cosmic rays or produces energetic photons, but acceleration processes also occur on our Sun , though on a much more moderate scale. ... That is why such events are often missed by cosmic ray detectors near the equator, where the lowest energies are excluded by the Earth's magnetic field. The best detectors for observing solar particles are therefore those sensitive to the lowest energies of the cosmic radiation. ...

... Magnetic Storms . ... Cosmic Rays . ... Energetic Particles . ... Solar fast Particles . We cannot observe the way the distant universe accelerates cosmic rays or produces energetic photons, but acceleration processes also occur on our Sun , though on a much more moderate scale. ... That is why such events are often missed by cosmic ray detectors near the equator, where the lowest energies are excluded by the Earth's magnetic field. ... Should we be concerned about solar energetic radiation? ...

... Fitting the observed dependence includes calculations of the polarization cross-sections averaged over particles orientation and size distribution, their normalization and the comparison of obtained dependencies with Serkowski's curve representing observational data for a chosen star. ... Variations of the polarization factors with wavelength are shown in Fig. 16 for homogeneous spheroidal particles with PF orientation. ... The distinction between prolate and oblate spheroids is also clearly seen. ...

A limit on the ultra-high-energy neutrino flux from Centaurus A Justin Bray For the LUNASKA collaboration Clancy James, Ron Ekers, Chris Phillips, Paul Roberts, John Reynolds, Rebecca McFadden, Ray Protheroe, Jaime Alvarez-MuЯiz, Justin Bray Outline: · Ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic rays neutrinos · Detecting UHE neutrinos · The lunar Cherenkov technique · Observations with the ATCA · Observations with Parkes · ASKAP and the future ... Detection Geometry Neutrinos are penetrating.. ...

... Research objects and scientific purposes . Space scientific program includes development and launch of two supersmall spacecrafts "Universitetskiy" and "Kompas-2" intended for monitoring of radiation conditions near the Earth. ... All the studies conducted in the near-Earth space are characterised by strong radiation fields. ... The circular polar orbits, which cover all the near-Earth space, are the most favorable for comprehensive studies of the radiation conditions near the Earth. ...

The space between the planets is far from empty. It contains: electromagnetic radiation (photons); hot plasma (electrons, protons and other ions) a.k.a. the solar wind ; cosmic rays; microscopic dust particles; and magnetic fields (primarily the Sun's). While the Sun 's radiation is obvious, the other components of the interplanetary medium were not discovered until very recently. ... Except near some of the planets, interplanetary space is filled with the Sun's magnetic field. ... Sun .. ...

Next: Field of View Up: CCD Scientific Performance Previous: Back Illumination . The CCD acts as a storage medium, and with frame times of the order seconds, there is no obvious method of employing prompt co-incidence rejection of charged particle events. ... In conventional CCDs, a m track length results in an equivalent energy deposition of 5 - 6 keV, and significant confusion with X-ray events arises. ... A trade-off between rejection efficiency and spectroscopic efficiency is required. ...

... Credit: TRACE , Stanford-Lockheed ISR, NASA Explanation: On July 14th , solar active region 9077 (AR9077) produced a massive flare . ... Collectively resembling a popular "slinky" toy, the enormous loops are actually magnetic field lines which trap the glowing, cooling plasma above the relatively dark solar surface. ... NASA Official: Jay Norris. ... Publications with keywords: Sun - flare - active region - magnetic field . Publications with words: Sun - flare - active region - magnetic field . ...

... The Sun is the closest star to us, and a regular object in our Galaxy. Solar activity manifests itself, primarily, in solar flares - episodic explosive energy release in the form of electromagnetic radiation and high energy particles (electrons and protons). The nature of the flares is related to cyclic variations of global and local magnetic fields in the atmosphere of the Sun. ... Such formations are called active regions. ...

What will happen when the fragments hit Jupiter? ... All the fragments will enter Jupiter's atmosphere at an angle of 42 degrees from the vertical and impact near a latitude of 44 degrees south, but on the back side of the planet as seen from Earth (about 10 degrees in longitude behind the edge of Jupiter, as seen from Earth). ... Any body moving through an atmosphere is slowed by atmospheric drag, by having to push the molecules of that atmosphere out of the way. ...

... Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, +44 (0)28 3752 2928 . ... Quasi-stationary electron distributions for the different values of the particle escape time. ... The electron-cyclotron maser instability is widespread in the Universe, producing, e.g., radio emission of the magnetized planets and cool substellar objects. ... The model used takes into account the radiation escape from the source region and the particle flow through this region. ...

... 2000 July 20 . AR9077: Solar Magnetic Arcade . Credit: TRACE , Stanford-Lockheed ISR, NASA . Explanation: On July 14th , solar active region 9077 (AR9077) produced a massive flare . ... It shows million degree hot solar plasma cooling down while suspended in an arcade of magnetic loops . ... After the flare, AR9077's activity decayed as it was carried farther across the Earth-facing hemisphere of the Sun by solar rotation . ... About APOD | ... NASA Technical Rep.: ...

Electron-Bombarded, Back-Illuminated CCD Sensors . For Low-Light-Level Imaging Applications . ... Damage to the gate structure oxide layers from keV level X-rays will likely result in increased dark current and decreased full-well capacity. ... Figure 14 shows the increase in dark current versus incident electron energies. ... The back-thinned CCD's 'lifetime' is defined, herein, to be a 50 electron per pixel increase in CCD dark current per 16.7 millisecond integration period. ...

.

... Institutes of Chernogolovka . The largest of all the scientific institutions of the center is the Institute of Chemical Physics in Chernogolovka , where fundamental problems of chemical physics are studied: kinetics and mechanisms of chemical and biological processes; processes of combustion, explosion, and polymerization; and mechanisms of elementary reactions involving high energy particles. ... Developments and Technologies . ...

... Problems of Developing and Near-Earth Environmental Protection. Electromagnetic and Corpuscular Radiation of Sun as the Main Factors of Near-Earth Environment Forming. Solar UV and X-Rays. ... Ionosphere. ... Dynamic of Ionosphere Plasma.Ionosphere Conductance. ... Magnetosphere. ... Energetic Particles Motion in Magnetosphere. ... Auroral Particles and Phenomenons in Auroral Borealis Zones. ... Auroral Particles Invasion of Atmosphere and Its Effects - Auroral Borealis, Ionization, Heating. ...

. A gamma-ray pulsar is a compact neutron star that accelerates charged particles to relativistic speeds in its extremely strong magnetic field. This process produces gamma radiation (violet) far above the surface of the compact remains of the star, while radio waves (green) are emitted over the magnetic poles in the form of a cone. The rotation sweeps the emission regions across the terrestrial line of sight, making the pulsar light up periodically in the sky. б© NASA/Fermi/Cruz de Wilde

... Research . ... Geophysical Institute of Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech . ... plasma analysator . ... Space Research Institute,Berlin, . ... Space Research Center, . Polish Academy of Sciences,Warsaw, . ... particles analyser . measurement of particles 0.05 - 1.0 KeV for 0.1 sec . Space Research Institute,Sofia,Bulgaria . ... Prague University, . Research Institute of Nuclear Physics,Moscow State University;Russia . ...

... The GALFA Continuum Transit Survey group ( GALFACTS ; PI: A. R. Taylor) has conducted several test observations and will begin an all-sky full-Stokes continuum survey later this year with the new P-ALFA spectrometer. ... Sample Perseus images of GALFA H I 21cm-line and full-Stokes continuum emission are shown below along with maps of molecular (CO) gas, thermal dust, and ionized gas optical emission for comparison. ... The GALFA H I emission appears to envelop the molecular cloud gas traced by CO. ...

Most current theories for magnetospheric emission can be grouped into polar cap, outer gap, and nebular models. These models, at least in some cases, need not be mutually exclusive; the Crab pulsar (among others), for example, shows clear evidence for pulsed emission from the magnetosphere and unpulsed emission from the surrounding nebula. ... This suggestion is strengthened by observation of a distinct soft emission component, consistent with the cooling scenario, from several of these pulsars. ...