... Evolution of the magnetic field (solid lines) , temperature (colour) , and velocity (arrows) at four times for case A1 (a), A2 (b), B1 (c), and B2 (d). The characteristic parameters of magnetic field strength and electron number density are given above each case plot. ... Aims We aim at investigating the formation of jet-like features in the lower solar atmosphere, e.g. chromosphere and transition region, as a result of magnetic reconnection. ...

... The hotter the gas, the faster they move, and the more energy each of them holds. The free ions and electrons in a plasma behave the same way. Knowing the temperature of the high atmosphere of Earth, or that of the Sun, we can calculate energies expected of ions and electrons found there. However, ions and electrons actually observed in space are often much , much more energetic, and may move at a respectable fraction of the velocity of light (300,000 km/sec or 186,000 miles/sec). ...

T O TH E EDITO R 247 DIMENSIONAL EFFECT IN A METAL IN MULTIPLES OF A CERTAIN MAGNETIC FIELD V. F. GANTMAKHE R Institute for Physics Problems, Academy of Sciences, U.S.S.R. Submitted to JETP editor May 18, 1962 J. Exptl. ... The thickness of the plate was 0.39 mm , the electron mean free path reached (1--3 ) x 10-1 cm at helium temperatures, and the skin-effec t depth was 10 - 4 cm at 1--5 MHz. ... 1 V. F. Gantmakher, JET P 42 , 1416 (1962), Soviet Phys. JET P 15, 982 (1962). ...

... Units are separated by spaces, positive numbers denote powers, all units to the right of the slash are in the denominator (negative powers). Planck constant h . ... 6.0221367e23 particles/mol . ... Free electron gyromagnetic ratio gamma e . ... gamma p / (2 pi) = 42.576375 MHz/T . ... Gas constant R . ... The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty . CODATA Internationally recommended values of the Fundamental Physical Constants . ... Table of Fundamental Physical Constants (MIT) . ...

... Energy . ... The free ions and electrons in a plasma behave the same way. Knowing the temperature of the high atmosphere of Earth, or that of the Sun, we can calculate energies expected of ions and electrons found there. However, ions and electrons actually observed in space are often much, much more energetic, and may move at a respectable fraction of the velocity of light (300,000 km/sec or 186,000 miles/sec). ... Typical energy of an electron in the polar aurora. 40,000 ev . ... 50,000 ev . ...

... Using the uvby -photometry and proper motion data for about 5500 F stars within 80 pc from the Sun, we have studied velocity ellipsoid parameters and obtained the following results. 1) The sizw of all wllipsoid semiaxes increase systematically for groups of stars with the decrease of both temperature (at constant metallicity) and metallicity (at constant temperature). ... As a result, each of the three parameters - temperature, metallicity and velocity dispersion - is an age indicator. ...

... Mass . ... Charge . ... Constants . ... Euler's constant: = 0.5772156649 . ... Planck constant: h = 6.62620 ? ... Elementary charge: e = 1.602189 ? ... Universal gas constant: R = 8.31441 J mol -1 K -1 . Boltzmann's constant: k = R/N 0 = 1.380662 ? ... Gravitation constant: G = 6.6742 ? ... Solar radius: R = 6.9599 ? ... Solar mass: M = 1.989 ? ... 1 statute mile = 5280 ft = 1609 m . ... 1 solar mass (M ) = 1.989 ? ... 1 elementary charge (e) = 1.602189 ? ... Copyright 2006 Mario van den Ancker. ...

... Irreducible and full set of independent orthogonal dimensionless parameters in the `velocity normalised basis' Symbol M Ma Name Mach number Magnetic Mach ( Mach ­ AlfvИn) Strouhal Trieste numbers ( set ) Velocity-emission Formula / Definition Signifiance Temperature Governing MHD equations with dissipation and radiation v v c s S V vt x Magnetic ... DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2005.03.084 ...

... RECOMMENDED VALUES OF PHYSICAL CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS. ... This reference must be included when these constants are used in a context where their full accuracy is important. ... elementary charge (of proton) . ... gravitational constant . ... unified atomic mass constant . ... of electron . ... of proton . ... Planck constant . ... Rydberg constant, m 0 2 m e e 4 c 3 /8h 3 . ... fine structure constant, m 0 e 2 c/2h . ... Bohr radius, h 2 ( pm 0 c 2 m e e 2 ) . ... Bohr magneton, e h /2m e...

The space between the planets is far from empty. It contains: electromagnetic radiation (photons); hot plasma (electrons, protons and other ions) a.k.a. the solar wind ; cosmic rays; microscopic dust particles; and magnetic fields (primarily the Sun's). While the Sun 's radiation is obvious, the other components of the interplanetary medium were not discovered until very recently. ... Except near some of the planets, interplanetary space is filled with the Sun's magnetic field. ... Sun .. ...

... ATNF Home . About ATNF . ... About ATNF overview . ... Australia Telescope Steering Committee . ... Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory . ... Parkes radio telescope . ... Visiting Parkes radio telescope . ... The height of accretion shocks (i.e. the thickness of post-shock regions), , of magnetic white dwarfs are generally , where is the white dwarf radius. For typical accretion rates ( ), the ram pressure of the accretion matter near the white dwarf surface is less than the magnetic stress. ...

Subject, Problems and Objects of Theoretical Astrophysics. ... Stellar Photospheres, Their Features. ... Physics of Continuous Radiation Absorption in Stellar Photospheres. ... Continuous Radiation Absorption in Stellar Photospheres of Various Spectral Classes. Solar Type Photospheres. ... Characterisics of Absorption Lines. ... Interstellar Absorption Lines, Their Features. ... Physical and Dynamic Features of Interstellar Medium, Which Follows from Observations of Interstellar Absorption Lines. ...

Russian SHAREABLE DATA CENTER Institute of Solar-Terrestial Physics SB RAS . ... Although their determination is based on the scattering process model, independent check-ups by rocket experiments have shown their correctness in experimental applications. ... Ionospheric data analysis, especially during strong disturbances, cannot be without some other kinds of diagnostic tools. ... The lack of data has always been a challange in this case. ...

Next: The Stopping Radius Up: ``Ecology'' of Magnetic Rotators Previous: A Gravimagnetic Rotator . We shall assume that the rotator is surrounded by an ideally conductive plasma with a density and a sound velocity at a sufficiently far distance from the rotator. ... The following classification   of magnetic rotators     is based on the essential characteristics of the interaction of the plasma surrounding them with their electromagnetic field. ... leading to a spindown   of the rotator. ...

... Authors: Gordon I. Ogilvie 1 2 , Mario Livio 1 We solve for the local vertical structure of a thin accretion disk threaded by a poloidal magnetic field. ... By analyzing the dynamics of a transonic outflow in the corona of the disk, we show that a certain potential difference must be overcome even when i > 30 o . We determine this potential difference as a function of i for increasing values of the vertical magnetic field strength. ... huizinga@stsci.edu . ...

... Because of the low conductivity, the magnetic coupling is weak and depends critically on density, temperature, ionisation rate and charged species. ... Implications When the Hall regime dominates near the midplane and ambipolar diffusion is dominant closer to the surface, a thicker layer of the disc is unstable to MRI perturbations and modes grow faster than under the ambipolar diffusion approximation. ... Right panel: For weak coupling, Hall limit perturbations grow until vA/cs ~ 2.9. ...

The Sun 65 Joule heating of plasma in current-carrying coronal magnetic loops V.V. Zaitsev1 , A.A. Stepanov 1 2 2 Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia Central Astronomical Observatory, Pulkovo, St.Peterburg, Russia Introduction Already rst X-ray observations made on "Skylab" in 1969 Vaiana, et al., 1970 have shown that solar corona consists of a lots of magnetic eld loops, lled with a hot plasma. ... In this case the magnetic eld of the tube is approximately parallel to the z, axis. ...

Fermions (particles that obey Fermi statistics) come in generations with each generation heavier than the preceding one. electron neutrinos interact with protons and neutrons; in the early universe this set of reactions keeps the protons and neutrons in balance: . ... Let's assume that the Universe, for no apparent reason, knows about these three constants at arbitrarily early times: . ... However, in the early universe there is an additional source of "pressure" and that is radiation pressure. ...

. This is one of the highest-resolution images ever taken of the solar corona, or outer atmosphere. It was captured by NASA's High Resolution Coronal Imager (Hi-C) in the ultraviolet wavelength of 19.3 nanometers. Hi-C showed that the Sun is dynamic, with magnetic fields constantly warping, twisting, and colliding in bursts of energy. Added together, those energy bursts can boost the temperature of the corona to 7 million degrees Fahrenheit when the Sun is particularly active. // Credit: NASA

... Archives . ... One of the biggest culprits is the unit of energy, [keV], which is 1000 electron Volts, for the energy acquired by an electron when it falls through an electric potential of 1 Volt: . ... Then, a temperature in degrees Kelvin can be written in units of keV by converting it with the formula . ... It is tempting to put the two together and interpret a temperature as a photon energy. ... For example, a 1 keV (temperature) Bremsstrahlung spectrum extends out to 1 keV (photon energy). ...