MATHEMATICAL MODELING: . ... This model is developed on the base of the probabilistic description of the collisional aeronomical processes and is realized on a computer as the numerical system (stochastic model). ... Shematovich, V.I., Bisikalo , D.V.             Nonequilibrium processes in the planetary and cometary atmospheres. ... In Russian) . ... Piarnpuu , A. A.; and Shematovich, V. I.       Construction of structural stochastic models of collision processes in rarefied gas media (abstract) . ...

... Energy . ... The free ions and electrons in a plasma behave the same way. Knowing the temperature of the high atmosphere of Earth, or that of the Sun, we can calculate energies expected of ions and electrons found there. However, ions and electrons actually observed in space are often much, much more energetic, and may move at a respectable fraction of the velocity of light (300,000 km/sec or 186,000 miles/sec). ... Typical energy of an electron in the polar aurora. 40,000 ev . ... 50,000 ev . ...

... Stellar Evolution is driven entirely by the never ending battle between Pressure and Gravity . As imbalances are reached, the star is driven to find a new Energy source. ... Pressure and gravitational forces are equal, the star is stable and its core is sufficiently hot to fuse Hydrogen into Helium More about main sequence stars . ... The luminosity generated by the core fusion of Helium into Carbon is far greater than the shell luminosity associated with the fusion of Hydrogen into Helium. ...

... This paper describes the main algorithms used by the Einstein Level One processing to create the exposure masks and the background maps for Einstein IPC images, and how these algorithms were recreated in the IRAF environment. Our goal was to recreate the algorithms used by the Level One Processing to create exposure masks and background maps for Einstein Image Proportional Counter (IPC) data (cf. sections 2.5 and 2.7 of Harnden et al. ...

... Posts tagged ?particle filter? ... Astronomers have developed their ways of processing signals almost independent to but sometimes collaboratively with engineers, although the fundamental of signal processing is same: extracting information. ... This particular issue of IEEE signal processing magazine may shed lights for astronomers interested in signal processing and statistics outside the astronomical society. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine Jul. ... ArXiv] 3rd week, Dec. ... Entries RSS . ...

Next: Electronic database Up: A Database of Optical Previous: A Database of Optical . ... Many new observational data have been measured in the last years, e.g. by the Infrared Space Observatory in 1995-1998, and interpretation of these spectroscopic data is still in progress. This requires the comparison with data of ``analog materials'' delivered by spectroscopical laboratories. Various terrestrial analogs of cosmic solids have been studied in chemical and physical laboratories. ...

Nonlinear harmonics in plasma. Nonlinear electromagnetic wave in plasma. ... Turbulence spectra. Wave- wave interaction. ... Brillouin back- scattering. Parametric instability. The balance equations. ... Wave- particle interaction in random phase approach. ... Stimulated scattering of waves by particles. Weak turbulence processes. Inverse energy cascade in plasma. ... Inverse scattering method. ... Nonlinear Schrodinger equation. ... Strong nonlinear 3- wave interaction. ...

... Ionization Properties of the Dusty Mesosphere . Boris A. Klumov, Sergey I.Popel Institute for Dynamics of Geopsheres, Russia . ... The problem of influence of the dynamics and charging of dust particles on the ionization properties of the polar summer mesosphere is considered. ... We introduce the notion "dusty mesosphere" for the layer of the mesosphere at the altitudes of approximately 80-90 km, where the conditions for the nucleation and formation of macro (dust) particles are fulfilled. ...

Next: Prior Models Up: Prior Models and the Previous: Bayesian Paradigm . The observed image differs from the true brightness distribution in having been blurred and encountering statistical noise in the recording process. ... Let us describe the noise models. ... This model can be approximated, at least for high brightness values, by the Gaussian distribution . ... The noise model we will use in this paper is Poissonian; see Molina and Ripley (1989) for the use of robust Gaussian noise models. ...

... Institutes of Chernogolovka . The largest of all the scientific institutions of the center is the Institute of Chemical Physics in Chernogolovka , where fundamental problems of chemical physics are studied: kinetics and mechanisms of chemical and biological processes; processes of combustion, explosion, and polymerization; and mechanisms of elementary reactions involving high energy particles. ... Developments and Technologies . ...

Next: Wavelength calibration Up: Reduction using Standard Previous: Order Definition: Methods . ... The algorithm accepts frame which can be mildly contaminated by particle hits, bad columns, order gaps due to absorption lines, as found in FLAT or STD . ... the interorder background is roughly constant over the frame. the slope of the orders is in the range ]0., ... For a background estimate without previous order definition, consider the echelle command BACKGROUND/SMOOTH . ... LOAD/TAB order :X :Y . ...

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