... Stellar Evolution is driven entirely by the never ending battle between Pressure and Gravity . As imbalances are reached, the star is driven to find a new Energy source. ... Pressure and gravitational forces are equal, the star is stable and its core is sufficiently hot to fuse Hydrogen into Helium More about main sequence stars . ... The luminosity generated by the core fusion of Helium into Carbon is far greater than the shell luminosity associated with the fusion of Hydrogen into Helium. ...

... The FOC suffers from various types of background, the most important of which are thermal electrons, Cerenkov radiation from high energy particles, geocoronal emission lines, zodiacal light, and light scattered within HST from the bright Earth or Moon. ... From on-orbit measurements using the f /96 camera, the former background has been found to vary with solar zenith distance (ZD); see Sections 6.4, 6.5, and 7.0 of the FOC Instrument Handbook , version 7.0, for more details. ...

... RATAN-600 data for the BL Lacertae objects (multi-frequency catalogue, Version 1.0) . GPS radio sources . ... Kovalev et al. (2009) also investigated the correlation between radio emission and gamma-ray flux (using Fermi-LAT data after the first 3 months of observations) for 135 AGNs. ... Moreover, the correlation between high-frequency radio emission (at 37 GHz) and gamma-ray emission (100 MeV.100 GeV, Fermi-LAT data) for 249 northern AGNs was studied by Nieppola et al. ... GHz) . ...

... This paper describes the main algorithms used by the Einstein Level One processing to create the exposure masks and the background maps for Einstein IPC images, and how these algorithms were recreated in the IRAF environment. Our goal was to recreate the algorithms used by the Level One Processing to create exposure masks and background maps for Einstein Image Proportional Counter (IPC) data (cf. sections 2.5 and 2.7 of Harnden et al. ...

Next: Rev0, MPE-Processed Data Up: DETAILED LIST OF ROSAT Previous: DETAILED LIST OF ROSAT . Prior to June 1994 data processed in the U.S. were supplied in the following files: . ... rp<seq#>.fits . Photon events, data quality, and good time intervals (binary table) . ... Compressed image for display -- total energy band . ... Compressed image for display -- hard energy band . ... Compressed image for display -- soft energy band . ... Selected source spectra (ascii table) . ... Aspect files . ...

XMM-Newton Science Analysis System Page: 1 esensmap July 1, 2008 Abstract Calculate EPIC sensitivity map 1 Instruments/Modes Instrument Mode EPIC MOS: IMAGING EPIC PN: IMAGING 2 Use pipeline processing yes interactive analysis yes 3 Description This task creates a sensitivity map giving point source detection upper limits (vignetting corrected source count rate corresponding to the likelihood of detection as speci ed in the parameter le) for each image pixel. ...

BNO is in Baksan Gorge at the Northern Caucasus . ... The Baksan Underground Scintillation Telescope (BUST) of volume 3000 cubic centimeters at a depth of more 300 m. The mountainous plant ANDYRCHI to register wide air showers located over BUST on the area 5*10 4 square metres. The complex of surface plants KOVER including a large muon detector, a scintillation telescope and a neutrino monitor meant for studying the hard component of cosmic rays and wide air showers. ...

You can also see this page in Russian with using KOI8 (X Windows) or CP1251 (MS Windows) Cyrillic coding. The Laboratory supports the space TV experiments, mainly in the planetary exploration missions. ... Image Co-registration . ... PHOBOS mission - Martian satellites investigations. Phobos on the Martian limb, the image from Phobos-2 probe from 02/28/89. ... Russian Space Bulletin. ... Last modified at June,26 1997 Alexey Kuzmin: akuzmin@mx.iki.rssi.ru . Back to IKI home page ...

To run a process in the background as a job and carry on working add an (ampersand) at the end of the command line. ... The shell forks a child process to run the command and displays the job number ( [ n ] ) and the PID (Process IDentifier) number. ... If the command is likely to produce error messages you will need to redirect standard error. ... Do not run an interactive command that requires you to type something at the terminal as a background job. ... You will then have to kill its process . ...

The Variable Gamma-Ray Source 2CG 135+01 ApJ, 497:L89-L91, 1998 7 h gamma AGN variability . gamma-radio-AGN-variability ADS query . ... Model for the High-Energy Emission from Blazars 1993ApJ.. ... Possible Production of High-Energy Gamma Rays from Proton Acceleration in the Extragalactic Radio Source Markarian 501 astro-ph/9803241 K.Mannheim . ... A theoretical unifying scheme for gamma-ray bright blazars astro-ph/9807317 G. Ghisellini, A. Celotti, G. Fossati, L. Maraschi, A. Comastri . ...

... Science Activities > PhD Thesis Topics offered by ESO Faculty Members > Thesis Topic: Foreground emission and Cosmic Microwave background intrinsic anisotropies . ... Since its discovery the Cosmic Microwave Radiation (CMB) has been one of the pillars of modern Cosmology. ... Further development of this work is the application of already tested algorithms to disentangle the foreground emission from the CMB maps and the determination of the CMB intrinsic emission. ... Return to list of thesis topics ...

The energy source needed to create and maintain the galactic let in galaxy PKS 0521-36 is generated deep within the core of the galaxy, and is far too small to resolved. The favored mechanism behind these cosmic fireworks is a spinning, massive black hole. ... The extraordinary high pressure and temperature generated near the hole would cause some of the in-falling gas to be ejected along the direction of the black hole's spinning axis to create the galactic let. ...

New Opportunities 2010 and Beyond: The High-Energy/Radio Connection High Energy Missions Timeline XMM, Suzaku.. ... Hard X-ray Sky EXIST Wide-Field Hard X-ray Imaging: EXIST ·~20X more sensitive than Swift or INTEGRAL and cover full sky ·Detect ~104 sources, 10 positions, 3-600 keV spectra ·unique temporal survey: full sky imaging each orbit High Energy Telescope HET (10-600keV) (6 x 3 coded aperture telescopes; 131o x 65o FoV) Low Energy Telescope LET (3-30 ...

A limit on the ultra-high-energy neutrino flux from Centaurus A Justin Bray For the LUNASKA collaboration Clancy James, Ron Ekers, Chris Phillips, Paul Roberts, John Reynolds, Rebecca McFadden, Ray Protheroe, Jaime Alvarez-MuЯiz, Justin Bray Outline: · Ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic rays neutrinos · Detecting UHE neutrinos · The lunar Cherenkov technique · Observations with the ATCA · Observations with Parkes · ASKAP and the future ... Detection Geometry Neutrinos are penetrating.. ...

... Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) . ... Searching for SZ clusters . ... Baryon content of galaxy clusters and cosmology . ... 3 sigma peaks: Observational Signatures of High Redshift Galaxies and Low Redshift Clusters . CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES . ... Clusters of galaxies seen in X-rays: war and peace . ... Chandra X-ray Observations of Clusters/Groups/Galaxies . ... Common timing features in neutron stars and black holes . ... X-ray luminosity function of low-mass X-ray binaries in galaxies . ...

... Moscow, Russia E-mail: krivosheev@iki.rssi.ru Notes: · · The Monte Carlo method (s) is also called the statistical test method An innumerable number of processes can be listed the outcome of which is not determined and has probabilistic nature, but these processes obey statistical laws, so to obtain the result we have to make multiple similar tests, i.e. to use the MC method Because probabilistic processes are widely spread in nature, the MC ...

Chemical synthesis . ... Processing of ceramic materials, electrode systems and electrochemical cells . Synthesis of solid oxide materials for high-temperature electrochemical applications . ... X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also called as electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), provides the information on the chemical and elemental composition of the materials. ... The kinetic energy of the electrons emitted is governed by the electron structure of the element. ...

High Energy Astrophysics: Course Outline 1 Some useful information Lecturer Geoff Bicknell, Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics Contact details: Telephone RSAA: (02) 6125 9088 Email geoff.bicknell@anu.edu.au Course Webpage: http://www.mso.anu.edu.au/~geoff/HEA/HEA.htm 2 What is High Energy Astrophysics? High energy astrophysics (HEA) is the study of astrophysical phenomena that involve particles of "high energy". ... All lecture notes and the problem set will be available via my web page. ...

... There is an additional zenith photometer channel for measurement of emissions formed heights more than 500 km to take into account the processes connected with solar activity and high layers of ionosphere. ... Photometer BP-1 . ... Photometers: BP-1 - to zenith, BP-2 - to nadir. Spectrometer: Limb channel at angle 18 deg to satellite velocity vector in the plane «velocity vector-nadir», scanning takes place within +5 - -30 deg to optic axis in the plane «velocity vector-nadir»; . ...

... Luminosity (L) · · · · A source's luminosity is the power that it emits in radiation. ... NB Astronomers often say `flux' when they mean `flux density' · SI units are Wm-2Hz -1 -26 filter · Also used are Jy 10 Wm-2Hz -1 E= РРРF d dA dt Specific Intensity, Surface Brightness (I) · Specific intensity (or surface brightness) is the power received (or emitted) per unit area per unit frequency per unit solid angle. ч F at surface of a spherical source = I · · Specific intensity is independent of distance...