... The SUB and SUP elements are used for subscripts and superscripts respectively, and are preferably rendered in reduced font. ... Some times you will want to place superscripts to the left of a term. ... For instance: X<sub align=right>a</sub> <sup align=left>b</sup>Y X<sub align=right>a</sub>Y<sup align=left>b</sup> b both render to X Y a while X<sub align=right>a</sub><sup align=left>b</sup>Y b renders to X Y a . ... The ID, LANG and CLASS attributes for SUB and SUP are not used within MATH...

... SELECT file, title, rank(ts_vec, to_tsquery('create schema')) FROM postgresql_manual WHERE ts_vec @@ to_tsquery('create schema') ORDER BY rank(ts_vec, to_tsquery('create schema')) DESC LIMIT 5; file | title | ... CREATE SCHEMA | ... SELECT file, title, rank('{0, 0, 0.01, 0.99}',ts_vec_tb, to_tsquery('create aggregate')) FROM postgresql_manual WHERE ts_vec_tb @@ to_tsquery('create aggregate') ORDER BY rank('{0, 0, 0.01, 0.99}', ts_vec_tb, to_tsquery('create aggregate')) DESC LIMIT 5; file | ...

... The planning and reduction programs are distributed with array sizes set large enough to let most observers work without difficulty. However, you might need to reduce a very large data set, or to deal with a very large number of passbands (9 is the nominal limit). ... The main problem is holding the matrix of normal equations during the iterations; on the other hand, star catalogs can be made quite large without paying much of a price in terms of performance. ...

Data in GIPSY is stored in so called sets . A set consists of two components: an image component and a descriptor component. These components are stored in separate files, but in GIPSY they are always used together. The image data is stored in a `crystalline' structure with a virtually unlimited (up to 20) number of dimensions. ... Within a set subsets can be defined. ... The figure below shows the possible subset types in a three-dimensional set, a `` cube '': . ...

... Properties of Dust Grains in Planetary Nebulae - I. The Ionized Region of NGC 6445 . ... Based on this model, we show from depletions in the gas phase elements that little grain destruction can have occurred in the ionized region of NGC 6445. ... The most likely conclusion is that grains are residing inside the ionized region of NGC 6445 and that the low temperature and flux of the grain emission are caused by the low luminosity of the central star and the low optical depth of the grains. ...

spaceweb@oulu.fi - last update: 9 May 1998, 2010 UT (RR) . ... They were first discovered by Russell and Elphic (1978) and Haerendel et al. (1978), who studied the magnetic field measurements in boundary normal coordinates near the magnetopause, and found bipolar signatures in the Bn component (outward along the boundary normal): first outward and then inward (normal FTE) or the other way around (reverse FTE). ... 1996). ... Space Res. 18 , (8)151-(8)160, 1996. ... Space Physics Text Book of Oulu ...

The beam pattern and the polarization characteristics . of the radio telescope RATAN-600 . The Mueller matrix elements was computed via formulas [1]: . ... The BP were computed by the aperture method, proceeding from the fild distribution in the aperture of the primary mirror. The components of the main and cross-polarization components of the electric field in the vertical aperture of the primary mirror was computed in Frenel diffraction approximation. ...

... MIPT Solid State Physics Department . ... Interacting Electrons in Normal Metals . ... The course is an introduction to interacting Fermi-particle physics and intended for future experimentalists. ... Hartree-Fock approximation. ... Linear reaction function. Calculation of density-density reaction function. Relation of density-density reaction function to compressibility of Fermi liquid and thermodynamic state density. ... Density-density reaction function of free Fermi gas in long-wave limit. ...

... The radial PSF distribution of the filter FilterId is tabulated in the extension PSF- FilterId . ... radial PSF of U-filter . ... radial PSF of UVW1-filter . ... radial PSF of UV grism 1st order (TBC) . ... The value of the cumulative PSF is normalized to 1.0 at this fixed aperture radius. The aperture radius is listed for each filter elements in the keyword APERTURE. ... Therefore the aperture radius is listed separately for each filter in the keyword APERTURE of the filter extensions. ...

Next: Feature enhancement: local Up: No Title Previous: Feature enhancement: filtering . ... As a result, a common magnitude scale (contour lines on the maps above, or color scale on Fig.1) will poorly display the short-duration events in a signal. Normalizing each line of the map (fixed duration) so it has unit variance (in effect dividing the energy map by the mean energy spectrum) at each duration restores more details of small-scale activity (Fig. ...

Next: Caverns in Binary Systems Up: Ejectors in Massive Binary Previous: The Number of Ejectors . In the very first years after the discovery of radiopulsars, it became clear that for some reason they avoid forming binary systems. ... Illarionov and Sunyaev (1975)[ 76 ] noted the fact that coherent radiowaves with a wavelength longer than 75 cm, which make it possible to observe most of the radiopulsars, are absorbed effectively in the stellar wind of a normal star. ...

Miscellaneous notes... maintenance mode . ... Only read at boot up, so cycle the power after changing the switch. it will: . ... only velocity mode. slower than normal mode . az slave motor not used (back driven by the master). software limits not respected. To read hardware limit: . ... switch back to normal mode and read the encoder. limit switches . ... hardware limits . 1st switch is hardware limit. ... can only drive out in velocity mode. 2nd switch. backup limit. should never hit . ...

... The models provided are: . abs - absorption of x-rays by neutral gas with solar abundances. parameter 1 = . ... parameter 2 = . ... normalization - logarithmic value of the flux density at 1 keV in units of keV cm -2 s -1 keV -1 . ... normalization - logarithmic value of the normalization of the gaussian in units of keV cm -2 s -1 . ... absorption ( params )* model ( params ) . ... A single value for the normalization (i.e., fixed normalization) will force the program to use that value. ...

from the daily report 2.3 Operations Notes: The health and safety SMS began execution at 353/0200Z. The loads = have been produced for the return to normal science operations. ... Battery #2 went to 5.12 degC, first breaking the = limit at 352/233602Z. Battery #3 went to 5.34 degC, first breaking its = limit at 353/000302Z. The reason(s) for these limit excursions are = currently being investigated. ...

... All the optical elements are mounted in a cryostat aimed at keeping components at a temperature of about 80 K. The focal plane masks (field stops or slits) are mounted on a wheel. ... The collimator is an achromatic doublet lens, which images the entrance pupil of the TNG and provides an almost parallel beam (F-number about 2000) at the pupil plane, where Lyot stops can be placed. Right after the pupil plane, two close wheels mount filters and grisms. ...

... spectrum . ... mn : main program, wh : subroutine WHOLE, in : subroutine INTEG and SFLUX, op : continuous opacities, ln : line opacities, at : atomic data, md : model atmosphere, ou : output, ot : other. ... This variable is set whenever a model atmosphere is read in, so that the default is whatever was used to compute the original model atmosphere. ... Default = 1 . ... As well as reading in the model, ionisation fractions and other depth-dependent quantities are also computed at this stage. ...

function fringevissq,c,k,n,normal=normal . ... Zero if no counts. The first index in the frames must correspond to the phase bins. Use k to select a baseline, if multiple baseline are present. ; . ... if n_elements(k) eq 0 then k=1 . ... nominator=add(abs(fringevis(c-avg(c),k))^2-s,n,r(0)-2)/n . denominator=(add(s,n,r(0)-2)/n)^2 . index=where(denominator eq 0,count) . if count gt 0 then denominator(index)=1 . ... if normal then norm_factor=4.0/sinc(float(k)/n0)^2 $ . ...

... Using a simple 2-D Gaussian Point Spread Function (PSF) on a constant (flat) sky background, I derive a theoretical photometric and astrometric performance model for analytical and digital PSF-fitting stellar photometry. ... The photometric performance is maximized when either the effective background area or the effective-background-level measurement error is minimized. ... An important, but frequently ignored, noise source is the uncertainty of the measurement of the effective background level ( )...

. Diameter of circular antenna . 576 m . Number of antenna elements . 895 . Size of an element . 11.4 x 2 m . Geometrical area . 15000 m 2 . Effective area of full circle . 3500 m 2 . Wavelength range . 1 - 50 cm . Frequency range . 610 - 30000 MHz . Maximum angular resolution . 2 arcsec . Accuracy of coordinate determination . 1-10 arcsec . Flux density limit . 0.500 mJy . Absolute brightness temperature limit . 0.050 mK . Tracking time (South sector + Flat mirror) . 1-3 h . [RATAN-600 Homepage]

... These are just the bare bones--just three basic ideas and rules for handling relations ("equations") involving unknown quantities whose values you are trying to find. In most calculations you try to find a number . ... To get a solution, one must replace the given equation (or equations) with others, containing the same information but cleaner in appearance. ... If you have an equation and modify both its sides in exactly the same way, what you get is also a valid equation. ...