... Low Polar Orbit . ... Different types of satellite orbits have different uses: while the synchronous orbit is best for communication satellites, Lagrangian point orbits help monitor the solar wind before it reaches Earth. ... Many spacecraft use such orbits, e.g. the US Air Force surveillance satellites of the DMSP series, or the series of French Earth-resources spacecraft SPOT . ... If the satellite then starts near a noon-midnight orbit, it will always pass near noon and near midnight. ...

... Low Polar Orbit . ... Different types of satellite orbits have different uses: while the synchronous orbit is best for communication satellites, Lagrangian point orbits help monitor the solar wind before it reaches Earth. ... Many spacecraft use such orbits, e.g. the US Air Force surveillance satellites of the DMSP series, or the series of French Earth-resources spacecraft SPOT . ... If the satellite then starts near a noon-midnight orbit, it will always pass near noon and near midnight. ...

The efficiency of interaction of radiation with a particle and hence its optical properties depend on the particle chemical composition, size, shape, structure, etc. ... Particle size expressed in units of the wavelength of incident radiation, together with chemical composition, most strongly affects the optical properties of a scatterer. ... There are many methods to solve the light-scattering problem for a homogeneous spheroid (our survey of the light-scattering methods see here ). ...

... Research . Projects . ... The name of the project APEX is a reduction from words " Active Plasma Experiments " . The core of the project are active experiments with injection of electron and (or) plasma beams from a board of the satellite with simultaneous registration of the phenomena, produced by interaction of injected beam with background plasma. ... Active experiments utilise modulated electron beam accelerator and source of modulated xenon plasma beam on the main spacecraft APEX. ...

Next: A Universal Diagram for Up: ``Ecology'' of Magnetic Rotators Previous: The Corotation Radius . The interaction of a magnetic rotator with the surrounding plasma to a large extent depends on the relation between the four characteristic radii: the stopping radius, , the gravitational capture radius,   , the light cylinder radius,   , and the corotation radius,   . ... Hence, the classification of the interaction regimes may well mean the classification of magnetic rotators. ...

... Space Science Education . ... Particle detectors networks for the Fundamental Physics, Space Weather and Education . ... A network of middle to low latitude particle detectors called SEVAN (Space Environmental Viewing and Analysis Network) is planned in the framework of the International Heliophysical Year (IHY), to improve fundamental research of the space weather conditions and provide possibilities to perform short and long-term forecasts of the dangerous consequences of the space storms. ...