... The author attempts to approach the problem from the positions of systems analysis with account for the ideological grounds and history of space activities in Russia and abroad, comparing its current interpretation with the initial goals posed by leading theoreticians and practitioners who stood at the cradle of the space exploration era. ... The space systems recognized in Russia as priority projects are largely developed with violations of the systems approach principles. ...

... 000, 1­12 (2009) Printed 11 February 2010 A (MN L TEX style file v2.2) Analytical approximations of K -corrections in optical and near-infrared bands I1gor V. Chilingarian1 2 ,2,3 , Anne-Laure Melchior 1,4 and Ivan Yu. ... Received 2010 February 01; in original form 2009 August 14 ABSTRACT To compare photometric properties of galaxies at different redshifts, the fluxes need to be corrected for the changes of effective rest-frame wavelengths of filter bandpasses, called K -corrections. ... Table 1. ...