... The author attempts to approach the problem from the positions of systems analysis with account for the ideological grounds and history of space activities in Russia and abroad, comparing its current interpretation with the initial goals posed by leading theoreticians and practitioners who stood at the cradle of the space exploration era. ... The space systems recognized in Russia as priority projects are largely developed with violations of the systems approach principles. ...

... GCR and SCR are primary cosmic rays. 10-15 years after the discovery of cosmic radiation (1919) there emerged two main avenues of investigation in the physics of cosmic rays (CR): 1) nuclear - elucidation of the origin of elementary particles and nuclear interactions; and 2) astrophysical (space physics) - solution of the problem related to the origin and variations (changes in intensity) of CR. ... Besides, the CR flux in interplanetary space is, strictly speaking, not isotropic. ...

Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIV (2003) 1757.pdf PETROLOGY AND OXYGEN ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS OF ANOMALOUS ACHONDRITE NWA 011. ... In an attempt to resolve this issue, we have investigated mineral chemistry and oxygen isotopic compositions on portions of NWA 011. ... Figure 1. ... The results confirm the unusual oxygen isotope compositions of NWA 011 observed previously [2]. suggesting that post-crystallization processes did not significantly alter the original composition of NWA 011. ...

... Objectives of the study . To survey and evaluate the technical and economical feasibility of European initiatives by start-up companies, for privately-funded crew vehicles for commercial human space flight. ... New commercial markets, among them space tourism, have a great potential to become major drivers in space technology development. This study aims at the assessment of the feasibility of European initiatives to address these new markets through the development of crewed space vehicles. ...

... Размещена статья "Новая карта рельефа Марса" . ... южный полярный радиус 3 382 580 м. Новая карта Марса выполнена методом послойной окраски ступеней высот (21 ступень) между горизонталями. ... Формы рельефа, встречающиеся на Марсе. На современных картах Марса наряду с новыми наименованиями, присвоенными формам рельефа, выявленным по космическим снимкам, используются старые географические и мифологические названия, предложенные итальянским астрономом Джованни Скиапарелли. ...

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