Copyright ї 1994 by Maxim V. Tarasenko. ... The end of confrontation, associated with the Cold War, led to political feasibility and economic desirability of extended international cooperation in space. ... For example, during the first half of 1994 the Russian Space Agency got only 10 per cent of its annual request. ... Another aspect of an inter-FSU cooperation is what was supposed to be a joint use of results from space activity, both in terms of scientific research and space applications. ...

... Spherical aberration, coma, and astigmatism are also easily observed using the star test. ... Off-axis images are complex. ... Fig. ... Diffraction by a circular aperture as a function of defocus for no aberration Airy Disk 1 wave defocus Less than 1 wave defocus Fig. ... Diffraction by a circular aperture as a function of defocus for third-order spherical aberration Paraxial Focus Small distance inside paraxial focus Moderate distance from marginal focus Immediate neighborhood of marginal focus Fig...

... Properties of Stellar Populations in Isolated Lenticular Galaxies I. Yu. ... The resulting average ages of the stellar population in bulges and discs fill an entire range of possible values from 1.5 to 15 Gyr which indicates the absence in the isolated lenticular galaxies, unlike in the members of groups and clusters, of a certain epoch when the structural components are formed: they could have been formed at a redshift of z > 2 as well as only several billion years ago. ... 69 NGC 2350 No. ...

... GCR and SCR are primary cosmic rays. 10-15 years after the discovery of cosmic radiation (1919) there emerged two main avenues of investigation in the physics of cosmic rays (CR): 1) nuclear - elucidation of the origin of elementary particles and nuclear interactions; and 2) astrophysical (space physics) - solution of the problem related to the origin and variations (changes in intensity) of CR. ... Besides, the CR flux in interplanetary space is, strictly speaking, not isotropic. ...