... Ciel Espace, le magazine qui vous guide toujours plus loin . ... des actualit†йs . ... des interviews, des portraits . ... des pages consacr†йes †а la publication de vos photos Mais c'est aussi une vraie communaut†й avec laquelle partager votre passion et nourrir votre curiosit†й. Accueil †Йros plus vrai que nature . ... LтАЩast†йro†пde †Йros, visit†й par la sonde Near-Shoemaker en 2001, appara†оt ici plus vrai que nature. ... 31/03/2016 - La plus r†йcente supernova de la galaxie nтАЩa que 110 ans !...

. home - main - author - help english - russian . The 7K-L1 spacecraft was a modified Soyuz without orbital module. It was launched with 4-stage Proton + Block-D rocket. L-1 (Zond) . Proton with L-1 . L-1 with Block D . There were several successful flights of unmanned 7K-L1 called Zond, but a manned flight was canceled. I suppose this to be L1 trainer. If I'm wrong, please mail me.

... The author attempts to approach the problem from the positions of systems analysis with account for the ideological grounds and history of space activities in Russia and abroad, comparing its current interpretation with the initial goals posed by leading theoreticians and practitioners who stood at the cradle of the space exploration era. ... The space systems recognized in Russia as priority projects are largely developed with violations of the systems approach principles. ...