... In the course of the BURAN orbiter development, suborbital and orbital launches of BOR-4 and BOR-5 flight vehicles have been produced for aerodynamic analysis and working capacity of thermal protection structures verification. ... The flights of the SPIRAL prototype and BOR-4 and BOR-5 flying vehicles have allowed not only to speed up the BURAN orbiter development, but also to justify the choice of the aerodynamic scheme of the orbital stage of the advanced MAKS aerospace system. ... Buran Orbiter ....

... These Facts and Questions pages mainly tell you how to use the Aberrator-interface and also explain the nature of the aberrations. ... Airy disc: the brightest spot of light when you look at a star in focus. This disc can contain a maximum of 84% of all the light that arrives from a star (perfect refractor telescope). MCT : Maksutov-Cassegrain telescope. A closed-tube mirror-telescope with a secondary obstruction. Less common than the SCT, this telescope uses a corrector (real glass). ...

The most up-to-date information related to atmos 3.0 are collected here due to constantly increasing interest to MASS/DIMM processing software... atmos 3.0 is still beta , so the latest version is 2.97.5 (there is also 2.98.x branch which absorbs new features) . ... M' line: . ... free seeing and its relative error . ... dimm seeing and its relative error (if dimm data are present, zeros otherwise) . ... dimm turbulence power and its relative error (if dimm data are present, zeros otherwise) . ...

. A Happy New 2009 Year ! The time is rolling so fast . that it is hard to believe. Our team (Zaitsev-Oditsov-Amiantov) still alive and continues the search of high latitude phenomena. We are working with digital magnetometers and riometers also. My e-mail as changed to zaitsev<at>izmiran.ru. We are open for coopeartion in any directions including . some educational projects - see http://rk3dxb.narod.ru. Have a nice time and good health ! . Cordially Alexander N.Zaitsev .

. Comment on J0238+1636 . Our data show that in June 1996 the source had an unusually low flux density with an angular size of 0.6". The source is usually highly variable, strong and extremely compact. However, Chen, Zhang & Sjouwerman (1999) also claim the source was resolved with EVN observations at 5 GHz about 8 months after our observation when the flux density was still unusually low. VLBApls home page . Last modified: 16 Oct 2000

In 1848 the Swiss astronomer Johann Rudolph Wolf introduced a daily measure- ment of sunspot number. His method, which is still used today, counts the total number of spots visible on the face of the sun and the number of groups into which they cluster, because neither quantity alone satisfactorily meas- ures sunspot activity. An observer computes a daily sunspot number by multiplying the number of groups he sees by ten and then adding this product to his total count of in- dividual spots. ...

Russian Version ( KOI-8 , Win ) . Institute of Astronomy of the RAS . ... Self-consistent simulation of chemical and dynamical evolution of protostellar clouds . Chemical evolution of galaxies . ... Soon after my birth I was moved (I was not able to move on my own in those times, you know) in Novouljanovsk, small town to the south of Uljanovsk. ... Since that time my life and work is bound to the Institute of Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences. ... Back to the INASAN home page . ...

... Zabotin N.A., Naselsky P.D. Formation of primary black holes in the "rigid" universe // Astron.J. Letters, 1980, v.6, N 1, p.14-19. ... Denisenko P.F., Zabotin N.A., Pulinets S.A., Selegey V.V. Transformation of an ordinary wave into extraordinary one from the ionosphere topside sounding data // Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. - 1987. - v.27. ... Bronin A.G., Zabotin N.A. The statistical characteristics of polarization of pulse signals under vertical sounding of the ionosphere // Izv. of High School. ...

... LINKS . ... SPECIAL TOPIC . CONTACT . ... ARTICLE: Venus Transit 2004 . ... AAL's Transit Observation Results . ... Divx video from the AAL observation site. ... a) Visual observation : Only with special eclipse shades ( do not use those ones you still have from the 1999's solar eclipse because it does no more protect you properly ) . ... 1. contact ( transit begins ) : 07:19 53 s with a solar altitude of 15.5 degrees . ... Venus Transit Links: . ... Venus Transit 2004: A Tremendous Success . ...

... General astronomy . ... PHYSICAL CONSTANTS.. ... Nobel Laureates in Physics 1901-2002 . ... Lectures Astronomy-161 "Solar System" (Also it contains info about History of Astronomy) . ... The History of Science . ... College-Level Astronomy Courses - at American, Australian Universities and Colleges . ... Messier: . ... Science . ... Scientific American . ... JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS . ... Scientific Journals . ... American Physical Society Journals: Physical Review, Review of Modern Physics ...

... 24 } Line { SrcBlock sin SrcPort 1 DstBlock func1 DstPort 1 } Line { SrcBlock Fcn SrcPort 1 Points [0, -55] DstBlock func DstPort 1 } Line { SrcBlock (G*M) ^1/2 SrcPort 1 Points [25, 0] DstBlock func DstPort 3 } Line { SrcBlock func SrcPort 1 Points [40, 0] Branch { ...

... Telephone: 81 3 5620 9429 International Travel Division Facsimile: 81 3 5620 9400 Convention Center (CD100993-543) 5-5-2, Kiba, Koto-ku, Tokyo135, Japan SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMME: OVERVIEW Invited Discourses JD 1 The Hubble Deep Field R.E.Williams JG 2 The Cataclysmic Variable Stars B.Warner JD 3 Black Holes in the Universe I.D.Novikov Symposia S 183 Cosmological Parameters and the Evolution pf the Universe S ... The dates for this workshop are 3 - 5 March, 1997. ... March 3-5, 1997: Workshop. ...

... Все команды в MIDAS, использующие дисплей, работают через этот сервер. ... Команда создания графического дисплея  CREATE/GRAPH. ... Обычно ис- пользуются для получения копии созданного рисунка;  PLOT/AXES, OVERPLOT/AXES, LABEL/GRAPH, OVERPLOT/LINE, OVERPLOT/SYMBOL, OVERPLOT/GRID  рисование осей, символов, линий, формул и т.д. Необходимо знать, что, как и в L A T E X, в графическом пакете MIDAS можно использовать специальные команды для рисования специальных символов, подъема и опус- кания текста....

... Астрофотография . ... Удаление градиента . ... Баланс белого . ... Однако это зависит от личных предпочтений, и Вы всегда сможете оформить их позже в Photoshop -е по своему вкусу. ... Единственное, что осталось сделать - это финальные штрихи в среде Photoshop -а. Доводка в Photoshop . ... Дополнительные оптимизации . ... Напишите свою собственную программу для сложения, баланса белого и растяжения изображения на базе арифметики двойной точности плавающего типа. ... Архивация Ваших результатов . ...

Russian SHAREABLE DATA CENTER Institute of Solar-Terrestial Physics SB RAS . ... A most promising problem is to investigate the interaction of two VHF powerful radiowave beams in the ionosphere, whose difference frequency is equal to the plasma frequency in some ionospheric area (that is, the difference frequency is taken in the range 1-8 MHz). ... Two-frequency interaction effects are based on radiowave non-linear mixing, which is rather complicated when describing and modelling the experiment. ...