... Spherical aberration, coma, and astigmatism are also easily observed using the star test. ... Off-axis images are complex. ... Fig. ... Diffraction by a circular aperture as a function of defocus for no aberration Airy Disk 1 wave defocus Less than 1 wave defocus Fig. ... Diffraction by a circular aperture as a function of defocus for third-order spherical aberration Paraxial Focus Small distance inside paraxial focus Moderate distance from marginal focus Immediate neighborhood of marginal focus Fig...

... The reduction system of observations FADPS (description in Russian) (Flexible Astronomical Data Processing System) for data of wide-band receivers of the first observation cabin of the radio telescope RATAN-600 had been created under the Unix-like operational system DEMOS for computers of the SM-1420-type (PDP/11) in 1987 for observation analysis and estimates of coordinates and flux densities of radio sources. ... FADPS: flexible astronomical data processing system at RATAN-600 in UNIX environment....

... Space flight . Crew training . ... A task of selection and preflight training is to form up and to train a crew for a space mission. ... Training in crews on the "Soyuz" transport space vehicle and on the "Earth-Moon-Earth" interplanetary flight program, . ... Basic space training of a lunar crew provides for acquiring a fundamental knowledge on the origin, structure and evolution of the Universe, studying methods and means of space flights performance, use of space for the benefit of mankind. ...

... VaST is a software tool for finding variable objects on a series of astronomical images. ... VaST performs object detection and aperture photometry using SExtractor on each image, cross-matches lists of detected stars, performs magnitude calibration with respect to the first (reference) image and constructs a lightcurve for each object. ... VaST FITS image viewer ./pgfv . ... Part I" PZP, vol. ... K. V. Sokolovsky, S. A. Korotkiy; "New Variable Stars Discovered by the NMW Survey" PZP, vol. ...