... Spherical aberration, coma, and astigmatism are also easily observed using the star test. ... Off-axis images are complex. ... Fig. ... Diffraction by a circular aperture as a function of defocus for no aberration Airy Disk 1 wave defocus Less than 1 wave defocus Fig. ... Diffraction by a circular aperture as a function of defocus for third-order spherical aberration Paraxial Focus Small distance inside paraxial focus Moderate distance from marginal focus Immediate neighborhood of marginal focus Fig...

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... Bad Astronomy . ... Bitesize Astronomy . ... Ceres, the largest asteroid in the solar system is about 900 kilometers in diameter. ... How many asteroids do you think there are larger than 100 meters across (0.1 kilometers)? ... Using the numbers he supplied, I calculated how many asteroids there are larger than 100 meters in diameter. ... A billion asteroids 100 meters across would occupy the same space as a single asteroid with a radius of the cube root of one billion times 100 meters. ...

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