... GCR and SCR are primary cosmic rays. 10-15 years after the discovery of cosmic radiation (1919) there emerged two main avenues of investigation in the physics of cosmic rays (CR): 1) nuclear - elucidation of the origin of elementary particles and nuclear interactions; and 2) astrophysical (space physics) - solution of the problem related to the origin and variations (changes in intensity) of CR. ... Besides, the CR flux in interplanetary space is, strictly speaking, not isotropic. ...

... Head of the seminar: Prof. B.V. Somov, . ... The seminar considers the questions related to generation of magnetic fields in astrophysical plasmas, effect of the magnetic reconnection and particle acceleration in strong magnetic fields, the origin and propagation of cosmic rays, the flares and other non-stationary phenomena in the solar atmosphere and solar wind, Sun Earth connections and physical processes in the heliosphere. ... On the Topological Models and Topological Trigger of the Solar Flares...

... 000, 1­13 (2010) Printed 21 September 2011 A (MN L TEX style file v2.2) A universal ultraviolet-optical colour­colour­magnitude relation of galaxies I1gor V. Chilingarian1,2, and Ivan Yu. ... Received 2011 Sep 15; in original form 2011 Feb 6 ABSTRACT The bimodal galaxy distribution in the optical colour­magnitude diagram (CMD) comprises a narrow "red sequence" populated mostly by early-type galaxies and a broad "blue cloud" dominated by star-forming systems. ...

M obile A stronomical Sy stem of TE lescope- R obots MASTER-II Kislovodsk Lomonosov Moscow State University, Sternberg Astronomical Institute , Moscow Union "Optic" , Kislovodsk Solar Station Latitude = 43 o љ44'.767љN; Longitude = 42 o љ31'.417љE; Altitude = 2067љm MASTERљIIљ(8љsquareљdegress) + MASTERљVWF(VeryљWideљFieldљCameras (FOV=800 square degrees, Timeљresolutionљupљtoљ150љms, with unfiltered m_lim=14m on 5 sec. exposure, and ~10.5m with 0.15 sec) . ... 11h 38m 38.0s , -09d 59m 59s) . ...