... 8 February , 2014 SAI seminar (Ryde et al 2010) 5 Thermal emission from GRB jet progenitor observer photon jet Photosphere (=1) · · · · Photons are not produced at the photosphere We have to calculate radiative transfer We need to know where the photons are produced We construct the expression for effective optical depth in relativistic flow considering random walk process in relativistic flow SAI seminar 6 8 ... 8 February, 2014 SAI seminar 28 ...

... European Southern Observatory at Site 2010 Kislovodsk Collaboration University of Lethbridge, Canada ­ R. Querel, D. Naylor, G. Tompkins U. Valparaiso ­ A. ChacСn, O. Cuevas, M. Cure, L. Cortes, M. Caneo, L. Illanes ­ J. ThomasOsip, G. Prieto ­ A. OtАrola, M. SchЖck, T. Travouillon ­ R. Hanuschik, M. Sarazin, C. Guirao, G. Avila, G. Lo Curto, I. Saviane, A. Pizarro, G. Ihle, J. Navarette, A. Smette, D. Rabanus Site 2010 Kislovodsk, Oct 5th, 2010 2 GMT, Las Campanas TMT ESO F. Kerber et al. ...

CURRENT SHEET ENERGETICS, FLARE EMISSIONS, AND ENERGY PARTITION IN | SIMULATED AND OBSERVED SOLAR ERUPTIONS | ... We investigate coronal energy flow during a simulated coronal mass | ejection (CME), and compare observable characteristics of the simulation| |to observed eruptions. ... in the energy equation. ... flowing out the sides of the current sheet, the energy flowing out the | lower tip of the current sheet, and the energy flowing out the upper tip| |of the current sheet. ...

The Solar spots - are the dark formations on the Sun's disk. ... The greatest observed spot is 100 thousand kilomiters. The spots are the places of the magnetic fields' getting out to the solar atmosphere. ... That's why they look so dark . ... The Solar convection zone is the layer with the thickness of 150 - 200 thousand kilomiters, situated under the photosphere; the substance of this layer being in convectional movement transformes the energy from inside the Sun's to its surface. ...