... The author attempts to approach the problem from the positions of systems analysis with account for the ideological grounds and history of space activities in Russia and abroad, comparing its current interpretation with the initial goals posed by leading theoreticians and practitioners who stood at the cradle of the space exploration era. ... The space systems recognized in Russia as priority projects are largely developed with violations of the systems approach principles. ...

... Printed in the U.S.A. ON THE CONSTANCY OF THE PHOTON INDEX OF X-RAY SPECTRA OF 4U 1728-34 THROUGH ALL SPECTRAL STATES Elena Seifina1 and Lev Titarchuk2 1 2 ,3 ,4 Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, Universitetsky Prospect ... We find that the X-ray broadband energy spectra of 4U 1728-34 during all spectral states can be modeled by a combination of a thermal (blackbody-like) component, a Comptonized component (which we herein denote as COMPTB), and a Gaussian component. ...

ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY AFTER GAMOW: RECENT PROGRESS AND NEW HORIZONS 4-th GAMOW INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE IN ODESSA and 9-th GAMOW SUMMER SCHOOL Astronomy and beyond: Astrophysics, Cosmology, Radioastronomy, High Energy Physics and Astrobiology 17-23 August , 2009, Odessa, Ukraine EVENTS: Monday, 17.08.2009 Arrival 09.00 ­ 22.00 Registration of participants Tuesday, 18.08.2009 05.59 09.00 10.00 11.00 13.00 13.15 14.30 16.00 ...

Introduction to PLASMA ASTROPHYSICS (Selected 10 lectures) Boris V. Somov Astronomical Institute and Faculty of Physics Moscow State University Pushino-na-Oke, 2008 Contents Ab out These Lectures 1 Particles and Fields: Exact Self-Consistent Description 1.1 Liouville's theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 Continuity in phase space . . . . . . . . . 1.1.2 The character of particle interactions 1.1.3 The Lorentz force, gravity . . . . . . . . . 1.1.4 Collisional friction . . . . . . . . . . . .