spaceweb@oulu.fi - last update: 12 February 1999, 1015 UT . Sun emits radio energy with a slowly varying intensity. This radio flux, originating from atmospheric layers high in the Sun's chromosphere and low in its corona, changes daily with the sunspot number, and thus also follows the solar cycle . This is seen from the figure displaying the flux at 2800 MHz or 10.7 cm wavelength over the entire solar disk (in here, monthly averages, although daily values exist too). ...

Abstract -- Abundances of heavy elements decreases with increasing galactocentric distance almost in all disk galaxies. ... To explain this gradient in young objects and in the interstellar gas one has to assume that a typical disk galaxy is an open system, i.e. it expels some synthesized heavy elements into the circumgalactic space and/or accretes intergalactic gas with zero metallicity, with rates of both processes depending on the galactocentric distance. ...

Amanda Karakas One of the most important research fields in astrophysics is the study of the origin of the elements. ... Asymptotic Giant Blanch (AGB) Stars: For low and intermediate-mass stars (with initial masses between about 0.8 to 8 solar masses) the most important nucleosynthesis occurs when stars evolve off the main sequence to the giant branches. ... This indicates that these stars obtained their unusual abundances via mass transfer from a previous red giant star, that has long evolved away. ...

All stars derive their energy through the thermonuclear fusion of light elements in to heavy elements. High temperatures are required so that the mutual electrostatic repulsion of the protons in each fusing atomic nucleus is overcome. ... Elements with more protons in their nuclei require higher temperatures. ... This sequence is now shown in the animation below. ... First Step of the Proton-Proton Chain Narration . Second Step of the Proton-Proton Chain Narration . ...

... At the analysis of orbital stages following problems are solved: - A substantiation of a choice of type of a working orbit , - An estimation of an orbit evolution from action of Earth atmosphere (including calculation of the space vehicle existence time and etc.) and fro m Earth non-centra l gravitational field, - Calculation of space vehicle transfer maneuvers fro m a initial orbit into a working orbit , - Calculation of working ... In window Facility Database press Cancel. ...

JSC History . ... The Archive database can be searched only to the folder level. ... The Archive database is the hard copy History Office archival guide pages. ... Note: the number of pages in the search results depends on how many records containing the search criteria are returned combined with the number of records per page requested in the 'Max Page" box (default is 100). ... Reset - removes all check marks made to the select boxes (to the left of the Record Number) on the search results page. ...

MATSYM - symbolic matrix processor . ... To use the program you will need a MAT file (liked CIR file: "User manual for CIRSYM program") of your system. ... In first string of MAT file enter any text you want to be the title of your system. ... Starting from string 2 (if is not comments - "*") enter the system element name, incident row and column and, optionally, its value. ... To generate a solution, run MATSYM.exe and enter "system_file_name.CIR" or click on the "ENTER" (in "MAT" case). ...

The XV_VTDF is a viewer for TDF format files (extension to TIFF 6.0 format for storage of high-resolution satellite data). More information about TDF format and relevant topics, as well as satellite data in this format you may receive from Space Monitoring Information Support lab (Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia) . ... XV_VTDF <filename> - load TDF file at startup (default size) . ... The XV_VTDF operates with fixed-size satellite images in TDF format. ... Back to SMIS Home Page . ...

AUTOMATIC STATION OF ECOLOGICAL CONTROL . ... STATE OF ASEC DEVELOPMENT . ... ASEC . ... Warranted life-time of balloons and calibration mixed gases, months . ... Telemetry system supplying information from each station to ecological center on technical state of gas analyzing equipment and instruments, emergency situations and unauthorized opening of the station. available . ... Calibration mixed gasses are stored inside the balloons as part of ASEC. ... Official WEB-site of S.P.Korolev RSC Energia . ...

... Heracles Triplane and Aerospace Systems . The key characteristics of two-stage aerospace systems are determined according to speed and carrying capacity of the aircraft-carrier used . ... So the SPIRAL system hypersonic carrier was expected to launch the second stage by weight 63 tons at a speed corresponding to 6M; whereas launching weight of the MAKS system orbital stage with the use of the An-225 MRIYA heavy subsonic aircraft reaches 275 tons, and the HERACLES aircraft - 450 tons. ...

Russian Space Science Internet (RSSI) is a successful result of RSSI Project. ... space oriented organizations; . ... RSSI offers for its members : . ... videoconferences via MBONE Internet protocol (there are 2 tunnels available now through the general IP network: one to NASA Internet, and another to Moscow State University); . ... It is designed so that all organizations connected to the RSSI gain access to the resources of Russian computer networks as well as world wide Internet. ... nic@rssi.ru ...

NMW survey overview . Access image archive . ... The New Milky Way survey aims to detect bright (V<13.5) optical transients near the Galactic plane using an automated wide-field (8x6 deg.) system capable of surveying the whole Milky Way area visible from the observing site in one night. ... All images obtained during the transient search survey are available online (please use the image archive access form ). ... Images per field: . ... Images per night: . ... Milky Way imaging time: . ...

... Reports on progress and error are always recorded in the log file of the program. ... UT date of the measurement finish in YYYY-MM-DD format UT time of the measurement finish in hh:mm:ss format Average flux in A aperture Average flux in B aperture Average flux in C aperture Average flux in D aperture Normalized variance of flux in A aperture Normalized variance of flux in B aperture Normalized variance of flux in C aperture Normalized variance of flux in D ...

... 3 ­ Sternberg State Astronomical Institute, Moscow, :jeanna@sai.msu.ru The graphic method of the analysis of an arrangement of linear structural elements on geographical and geological maps of continents (A.V.Dolitsky, [1]) has allowed to find out global stress fields of the past and among them one which directions (the main normal and maximal tangents) describe more than 80 % of all linear elements of a relief. ... The found poles share program way on density of an arrangement on 3-4 groups. ...

This diagram shows the ingredients of the universe. Astronomers have recently realized that the main ingredient is "dark energy," a mysterious form of energy that exists between galaxies and forces the universe to expand at an ever-increasing rate. The next-largest constituent is "dark matter," which is an unknown form of matter. The rest of the universe consists of ordinary matter, most of which is locked up in stars and clouds of gas. ... Ann Field (STScI) ...

The Integrated Information Display System for the Soyuz-TMA and the Integrated Console of Manual Control Loop for the Russian Segment of the International Space Station Yurii Tiapchenko, deputy Chief Designer and head of the Division of Onboard Information Display Systems (1993-2002) at the Specialized Experimental Design Bureau of Spacecraft Technology and Chief Designer at the NTC "Alpha-M". ... The tasks of the spaceship IDS are provided by the Simvol and KL-110 display systems. ...

The paper presents the 'Neptune-ME' information display system (IDS) as a spaceman console (SC) of the descent module of the 'Soyuz -TMA' piloted transport spaceship, and the integrated console (IC) of manual control loop for module equipment in the Russian segment of the 'Alpha' international space station. ... to control spaceship systems; . ... An integrated control console (ICC) which is hardware and software compatible with a IBM PC, is suggested as a basic console for the manual control loop. ...

EUROPEAN COMMISSION Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises COSME Call for proposals CLUSTER GO INTERNATIONAL REF: COS- CLUSTER -2014-3-03 (NOTA BENE: the present Call combines the two Calls for proposals included as part of the CLUSTER INTERNATIONALISATION PROGRAMME FOR SMEs in the 2014 and 2015 COSME Work Programmes respectively, with REF: COSWP2014-3-03 Action 1: Cluster Go ... European Strategic Cluster Partnerships (ESCP)" are characterised by the following elements: 1. ...

... the data are described accurately enough to allow an unambiguous interpretation of the data, as well as a comprehension of the context in which the data were acquired and/or processed; a single ascii file, named ReadMe , is designed for this role. the data are in a format which allows their usage by tools currently in usage in our discipline -- normally flat ascii files ; other formats can be accepted, but are converted into flat files. ... How to prepare the Data files . ... How to deposit the data...

WDC-A Digital Exchange Format for One-Minute Geomagnetic Data (Update August 1993) 1. The logical record length is 400 coded characters containing header information, blank spaces, and data for one element for one hour. ... Each logical record contains header information and data in the following format: North polar distance, longitude, year, month, day, hour, element, observatory code, blank spaces, 60 data values, and an hourly mean. ... ORG is the origin of the data. A = Alaska Chain. ...