... To derive the motion of a penny dropped inside an airliner moving at 600 miles/hr (about 1000 km/hr)--should we calculate it with respect to the interior of the airliner, or with respect to the ground? ... And if a similar penny is let go inside an orbiting spaceship--should its motion be calculated relative to the interior of the spaceship, or relative to the Earth outside? ... Each such choice is known as a frame of reference . Some possible frames are -- the interior of the airliner, . ...

... SUN MOON MERCURY VENUS MARS, JUPITER SATURN . ... Mars . ... Previously understood that magnetic fields were directly related to rotation, so when I read that Mars, like Venus, didn't have one, my understanding crumbled. What exactly causes magnetic fields in planets? ... RELATED TOPICS: MAGNETIC FIELD . Planetary magnetic fields are definitely related to rotation, but directly not so much. ... Get instant access to subscriber content on Astronomy.com! ...

... The first column shows the kinematical diagrams, where is the angle between the line of sight on the object and the vector of rotation about Z -axis, and V S is objects line-of-sight velocity relative to an observer at rest at the position of the Sun. The straight lines are regression fits, whose slopes yield the subsystem’s rotation rate. The second column shows the relations between metallicity and distance from the Galactic plane. ... privious figure | next figure . ...

On the minimization properties of the Tisserand systems Alberto 1 1 Escapa Д , Tomas B 1 aenas Д , Jose Manuel Ferr 1 Д andiz , & Juan Get 2 ino Dept. ... Hence, for an arbitrar y vector different from 0, we have 1 (6) Tdef + = Tdef ( ) - L + I + I . ... 2 Since the matrix of iner tia is definite positive, we have that (7) doing so, the rotation of the par ticles is identified with the rotation of the body axes with respect to some iner tial, or quasi- iner tial, reference system OX Y Z . ...

Running Apache on a heavily loaded web server, one often encounters problems related to the machine and OS configuration. ... Quick and detailed performance tuning hints for BSD-derived systems. ... Depending on the syntactic form of the TZ environment variable, these systems have several different algorithms to determine the local time zone (presumably compatible with something). ... This form delegates the knowledge of the time zone information to an external compiled zoneinfo file ( la BSD). ...

RADIOASTROPHYSICAL DEPARTMENT • INSTITUTE OF SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS RAS SB . Radio telescope 's beam General information Main characteristics of the Radio telescope Observing programs General view of the antenna array Main research areas Principle of generation of radio images Receiving systems Main characteristics of the base receiving-recording complex Calibrations Data archive and databases Publication SSRT - Radio telescope's beam . ...

... The HST uses an onboard model of its orbit to perform in real-time various control functions relating to spacecraft operations and observation support. ... New coefficients for the ephemeris are updated every other day, and are archived as FITS keywords for each HST observation data set. Using these coefficients,an observer can perform a variety of calibration and characterization calculations relating to the orbital position and velocity of the telescope. ...

The ultimate force in the universe: Some thoughts about gravity. ... Gravity through the ages Aristotle: Earth, water, fire, air. Earth and water fall `down' to the center of the cosmos (geocentric or earth centered universe). The more earth or water in the object, the faster it is attracted to the center. ... Determines the fate of the universe (expand forever, or contract back in a `"big crunch"). ... Determines the fate of stars when they die (white dwarfs, neutron star, or black hole). ...

... High redshift radio galaxies . ... Verkhodanov O.V., Kopylov A.I., Zhelenkova O.P., Verkhodanova N.V., Chernenkov V.N., Parijskij Yu.N., Soboleva N.S., Temirova A.V. 2000. ... Verkhodanov O.V., Kopylov A.I., Parijskij Yu.N., Soboleva N.S., Temirova A.V. "Color ages of parent galaxies of high redshift radio sources", in Proc. XV Conf. on "Aktualnye problemy vnegalakticheskoi astronomii" ("Current Problems of Extragalactic Astronomy"), Pushchino, May 25--29, 1998, printed in Pushchino Sci. ...

The most up-to-date information related to atmos 3.0 are collected here due to constantly increasing interest to MASS/DIMM processing software... atmos 3.0 is still beta , so the latest version is 2.97.5 (there is also 2.98.x branch which absorbs new features) . ... M' line: . ... free seeing and its relative error . ... dimm seeing and its relative error (if dimm data are present, zeros otherwise) . ... dimm turbulence power and its relative error (if dimm data are present, zeros otherwise) . ...

Next: Polarization efficiency: size/shape/orientation effects Up: Optical properties of cosmic Previous: The 2175? feature . To model the interstellar polarization one needs to calculate the forward-transmitted radiation for an ensemble of non-spherical aligned dust grains. ... Let non-polarized stellar radiation passes through a dusty cloud with a homogeneous magnetic field. ... The angle between the line of sight and the magnetic field is ( ). ... where the angle is connected with and ( ). ...

Neutron Monitors ] [ Solar Neutrons ] [ Muon Telescopes ] [ Base Potchefstroom University ] [ Magnetometers ] [ GPS systems ] [ Ionosphere ] [ Related Data ] [ Space Weather ] . ... All Cosmic Ray Stations + InterPlanetary Data: WorldNet . Alma-AtaB (Mt.Tien Shan) DataBase of Kazakhstan Spectrograph Alma-AtaB (Mt.Tien Shan) new . ... Nagoya Muon Telescope and DATA or mail . ... Belgrade Muon Telescopes and DATA or ">mail . ... Real-Time database for Cosmic Ray Anisotropy (DB10) . ...

Geoff Bicknell, Alexander Wagner We are engaged in the following computationally intensive projects related to Black Hole and other energetic phenomena. Accretion disks. ... We envisage that we will determine the way in which gravitational energy is channeled into the high temperature coronae of black hole accretion disks and into relativistic jets and winds. ... Feedback from black holes and starbursts. ... COALA : Universe Galaxy AGN Star Planet ...

The black hole. ... The black holes are generated in the result of a collapse of giant stars with the mass more than three Sun's masses. ... And moreover the gas near the neutron star or the black hole will get hot and will become a source of high energetic electromagnetic radiation in X-rays and gamma range. ... In the majority of double systems, being the sources of X-rays radiation, the invisible component mass does not exceed the two solar masses, so it is a neutron star. ...

... Newcomb, Simon, "On the dynamics of the Earth's rotation, with respect to the periodic variations of latitude", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 52 (1892), 336-341 [ Local PDF ADS link ]. ... Stephenson, Francis Richard Houlden, Michael A., "The Accuracy of TuckermanтАЩs Solar and Planetary Tables", Journal for the History of Astronomy , 12 (1981), 133-138 [ Local PDF ADS link ]. ... Astronomy and Astrophysics , 322 (1997), 347-351 [ Local PDF ADS link ]. ...

On the multifunctional orbital piloted complex Mir Russian Federation Government resolves: . To accept Russian Space Agency and Korolev Rocket- Space Corporation Energy's proposal to continue the exploitation of the multifunctional orbital piloted complex Mir (further - complex Mir) in 1999-2002. ... Russian Space Agency is to provide coordination and checking over carrying out the work determined by this Resolution. Russian Federation Government . ...

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... The Science Operation Department is composed of Astronomers, Telescope Instruments Operators(TIOs) and Data Handling Administrators(DHAs). ... Astronomers have proposed several methods to quantitatively measure the amount of turbulence above the telescope, which the most common ones is Differential Image Motion Monitor (DIMM). In optical testing, the Hartmann test is the common method to test the quality of optical components. ... Hartmann mask consists of 48 lenses. ...

... Julian Date Flux Densities (mJy) Julian Date Flux Densities (mJy) 2440000:0 A1 A2 B C 2440000:0 A1 A2 B C 8930.9968 153.8 134.6 59.8 22.6 9021.6846 154.0 137.0 59.0 22.9 8939.7717 163.7 146.0 66.1 22.9 9024.6766 151.4 134.6 58.4 22.1 8940.8936 153.2 135.8 59.2 22.6 9030.5334 156.7 139.1 59.0 22.4 8944.7380 161.7 142.2 63.7 23.1 9032.6650 151.8 136.5 57.7 22.6 8951.8637 148.4 131.3 58.3 21.7 9036.7067 155.1 137.1 58.8 ...