The above process keeps the # of protons and the # of neutrons in the early Universe constant. This is extremely important and will result in a testable prediction later. Remember, a free neutron (one that is not bound in an atomic nucleus) will decay into a proton + electron (+ anti-neutrino) in about 900 seconds. ... During this epoch, the proton-to-neutron ratio is 1.0 . ... The Universe consists of protons, neutrons and electrons plus a photon background and a neutrino background. ...

SPECTRUM ANALYZER OF MAGNETIC PHENOMENA SAMW . Spectrum analyzer allows onboard computation of electromagnetic waves spectra registered (observed) in the ionosphere and magnetosphere in the ELF/VLF frequency band. ... It consists of magnetic antenna, preamplifier, 16 bit sigma delta AD converter, DSP processor and telemetry interface. ... The channels of lower frequencies are averaged and transmitted with lower repetition rate so the telemetry volume is reduced. ... Dynamic range: 90 dB . ...

... GCR and SCR are primary cosmic rays. 10-15 years after the discovery of cosmic radiation (1919) there emerged two main avenues of investigation in the physics of cosmic rays (CR): 1) nuclear - elucidation of the origin of elementary particles and nuclear interactions; and 2) astrophysical (space physics) - solution of the problem related to the origin and variations (changes in intensity) of CR. ... Besides, the CR flux in interplanetary space is, strictly speaking, not isotropic. ...

... Because of the low conductivity, the magnetic coupling is weak and depends critically on density, temperature, ionisation rate and charged species. ... Implications When the Hall regime dominates near the midplane and ambipolar diffusion is dominant closer to the surface, a thicker layer of the disc is unstable to MRI perturbations and modes grow faster than under the ambipolar diffusion approximation. ... Right panel: For weak coupling, Hall limit perturbations grow until vA/cs ~ 2.9. ...

ПЕРЕЛ?К ПУБЛ?КАЦ?Й СП?ВРОБ?ТНИК?В ГАО . ... Pavlenko Ya.V. Ivanyuk O. The Models of MgH Lines in Arcturus Atmosphere. 15th Young Scientists Conference (YSC'15) on Astronomy and Space Physics, Kyiv, Ukraine, Apr.14-19, 2008: Abstracts. 2008 . ... 2008 . ... Workshop "Polarization with Emphasis on Cometary Observations", Paris, France, Apr. 10- 12, 2001. 2001 . ... Proc. XXVI GA EGS, Nice, France, March 25-30, 2001 ( CD-versin, V.3) . ... ВАК-2001 , С.-Петербург, 6-12 авг. 2001 г.- СПб. 2001 . ...

... Astrophysics Data System Abstract Service - The ADS Abstract Service provides access to over 160,000 astronomical abstracts since 1975. Astrophysics Revision Site . ... Common Astrophysics Acronyms . Gravitational Wave Detector GEO 600 - aims at the direct detection of gravitational waves by means of a laser interferometer of 600 m wavelength. ... Secrets of Creation - new theory on the creation of the Universe, the Big Bang, parameters of the Universe, fundamental laws of the Universe. ...

Bizyaev D., "The Argument Against Long Extragagalactic Distance Scale", Astron. ... Soviet Astronomy) 1997. ... Zasov A., Bizyaev D., "An Estimate of the Hubble Constant using a Criterion for Gravitational Stability of Gaseous Discs", Pis'ma v Astron. ... 1996. ... D.Bizyaev, "Types of galaxies", 1996, Zvezdochet, No 11, p.22 (in Russian) . D.Bizyaev, "The Hubble Constant", 1996, Zvezdochet, No 2, p.20 (in Russian) . D.Bizyaev, "Magellanic Clouds", 1995, Zvezdochet, No 6, p.12. (in Russian) . ...

... Old World First Asteroid Radar Echo. ... It testifies that 4179 Toutatis is a double object like asteroid 4769 Castalia. ... Interference of Radar Echo from the Binary Asteroid 4179 Toutatis. ... An analysis of the 6-cm radar data revealed quasi-harmonic oscillation of the echo’s “central” Doppler frequency with a period of about 14 sec and a deviation of about (0.7*B) Hz, where B is the echo bandwidth, which for 4179 Toutatis was equal to 2.1 Hz and 1.9 Hz for 1992 Dec 8 and 9, respectively. ...

. The degenerate gas is the quantum gas at the temperature below the degenerate temperature Td. In the idea degenerate gas bosons Bose-Einstein condensation is coming. Degeneration occures when the wave lengh de Brole (the energy of the heat particles motion) becomes nearly the same as the distance between them. The electrons gas in metals is always degenerated gas. Back .

... public class ParticleAnalyzer . ... static int . ... Add particles to ROI Manager. protected boolean . ... Clear ImageJ console before starting. static int . ... protected static int . ... Do not measure particles touching edge of image. protected boolean . ... Flood fill to ignore interior holes. protected static int . ... Display image containing binary masks of measured particles. static int . ... Field Detail public static final int SHOW_RESULTS . ... protected static final int NOTHING . ...

Report “Laboratory zero-baseline interferometer tests” (ZBT) was prepared and issued in ASC (35 pages including 17 figures and diagrams in Russian language). ... The Ground-Space radio interferometer (OVLBI) Radioastron includes several space and ground-based segments which are designed and manufactured by different countries and organizations. ... ZBI tests (for OVLBI) were implemented in Russia firstly. The tests were implemented by joint team of ASC, JPL and NRAO in 1999. ...

... The main task of this Working Group has been to review the state-of-theart knowledge of the Milky Way galaxy, to identify the future challenges, and to propose which tools (in terms of facilities, infrastructures, instruments, science policies) would be needed to successfully tackle and solve the remaining open questions. ... This Working Group has made recommendations that would allow dissecting our backyard laboratory, the Galaxy, even further. ...

Russian Military Space Activity . r The experts in space and rocketry field as well as ones interested in the Russian cosmonautics know quite a well The Military Aspects of the Soviet Cosmonautics book by Maxim Tarasenko published in 1992. This book still is an unique independent Russian research in the military space programs' field. ... Instead, as a result of the author's many years efforts, The Russian Military Space Activities book manuscript was practically finished early in 1999. ...

... RECOMMENDED VALUES OF PHYSICAL CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS. ... This reference must be included when these constants are used in a context where their full accuracy is important. ... elementary charge (of proton) . ... gravitational constant . ... unified atomic mass constant . ... of electron . ... of proton . ... Planck constant . ... Rydberg constant, m 0 2 m e e 4 c 3 /8h 3 . ... fine structure constant, m 0 e 2 c/2h . ... Bohr radius, h 2 ( pm 0 c 2 m e e 2 ) . ... Bohr magneton, e h /2m e...

... Printed in U.S.A. AN EXTRA LONG X-RAY PLATEAU IN A GAMMA-RAY BURST AND THE SPINAR PARADIGM V. Lipunov1, 2, 3 and E. Gorbovskoy 1, 2, 3 Received 2007 May 3; accepted 2007 June 25; published 2007 August 6 ABSTRACT The recently discovered gamma-ray burst GRB 070110 displayed an extraordinar y X-ray afterglow with Xray radiation--i.e., an X-ray ... 2006; Wang & Meszaros 2007). ... It is followed by a slow collapse (the magnetic field is weak), which results in a weak X-ray burst. ...

... Traditionally a local observer offsets the telescope using a handpaddle control, nudging the telescope in small steps. ... When using a rotating field of view, the user sees and can move the "boresight", the center of rotation of the field of view on the instrument. ... The object position is actually defined as the position of the sky at the boresight. ... The graphical offsetter implements an offset by changing the object offset and boresight position but not the sky orientation. ...

STEP INTO THE BLUE - MEADE INSTRUMENTS PRODUCT GUIDE . ... Telescopes . LX850 Series . ... Superb optical performance coupled with time proven computerized pointing and tracking has made the LX200 ACF series a best-seller in the high-performance telescope class. ... Meade's revolutionary LS LightSwitchтДв series of telescopes use advanced technologies to do what no other consumer telescopes have done before: take all the hassle out of using a telescope. ... Support . ... Become a Meade Dealer . ...

... 33, No. 1, pp. 62­71. i Formation of Power-Law Electron Spectra in Collapsing Magnetic Traps S. A. Bogachev 1 1* and B. V. Somov 2** Lebedev Institute of Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninski i pr. ... It is shown that if the electrons injected into the trap have a power-law spectrum, then their spectrum remains a power-law one with the same slope throughout the acceleration process for both the Fermi and betatron acceleration mechanisms. ... They do not coincide at energies below 20 keV. ...

... Space Res., 12, 265, 1992 planetary magnetic dipole: Mizutani, H., et al., ... Astrobiology, 7, 167, 2007 CME induced H+ ion pick-up loss at 0.05 AU for ` Hot Jupiters ' HD209458 b Mass loss ~1011 g/s even for weak CMEs Mmax strong magn. protection in reality Exoplanet magnetospheres - importance of magnetodisk Relatively large amount of observed Hot Jupiters (27%): survival of close-in giants indicates their efficient protection against of extreme plasma and radiation conditions ...

... Bad Astronomy . ... Bitesize Astronomy . ... Have you ever looked at pictures of Saturn's rings and noticed what look like gaps in the rings? ... Gian Domenico Cassini discovered a large gap in Saturn's rings in 1675. Later, an astronomer named Encke discovered a smaller gap near the edge of the rings. ... It was found long ago that an orbit in the Cassini Division, as the large gap is named, has a period almost exactly one-half that of one of Saturn's moons named Mimas. ... 2008 Phil Plait. ...