... Spherical aberration, coma, and astigmatism are also easily observed using the star test. ... Off-axis images are complex. ... Fig. ... Diffraction by a circular aperture as a function of defocus for no aberration Airy Disk 1 wave defocus Less than 1 wave defocus Fig. ... Diffraction by a circular aperture as a function of defocus for third-order spherical aberration Paraxial Focus Small distance inside paraxial focus Moderate distance from marginal focus Immediate neighborhood of marginal focus Fig...

Shareable Data Center "East Siberian Center for the Earth's Ionosphere Research" (SDC ESCEIR) maintains fundamental researches for nothing  if these projects are supported by RFBR. ... SDC ESCEIR performs work on a commercial basis. Financing is supported by RFBR. RFBR Grant № 00-05-72026. ... RFBR grant . Work description (obligatory) . ... Request for work | ...

ASTRONOMY IN UKRAINE - 2000 AND BEYOND . ... Kyiv, Ukraine, 5-8 June 2000 . ... The primary objective of the conference is to consider the integration of astronomical research in Ukraine into the international astronomy. ... VLBI for Astronomy and Geodynamics Convenors: Kees van't Klooster (The Netherlands), Leonid M. Litvinenko (Ukraine), Chopo Ma (USA). ... Planetary Astronomy Convenors: Teodor Kostiuk (USA), Robert Nelson (USA), Yuri Shkuratov (Ukraine). ... The "general" registration fee: 100 USD. ...

... The author believes that his mission will be completed, if the physical fundamentals of microwave remote sensing, set forth in this book, will help the specialists in various geophysical disciplines ± meteorologists, geophysicists, oceanologists, geologists, soil scientists, geographers ± to understand those new information advantages that are embedded in microwave sensing, and will impel them to be actively engaged in a (fairly dicult) process of assimilation of remote microwave information. ...

... According to the estimations of the RSC Energia it will take at least 10 years and 500-600 million $ (cost of adjustment, preparation, equipment's launching and accompaniment of carrying out of the experiments is included) to build up a similar experimental complex. ... It was carried out successfully. ... Radiation researches on the station Mir, carrying out by Moscow State University, gave rise to the construction of the dynamic picture of radiation zones' changes during the sun activity cycle. ...

... The acquisition data base of meteorological temporal data including systematic and chronologic cataloque for Global Tropical Cyclogenesis (on the whole of World Ocean's aquatorium) for 1983-1992 time interval is developed and based on personal computer IBM PC/AT. ... The data base consists of the following units: 1. ... This data base offers a unique opportunity to analyze macro- and synoptic-scale temporal features of global tropical cyclogenesis as indivisible physical process. ...

ABSTRACTS 10-th International Gamow Summer School "Astronomy and beyond: Astrophysics, Cosmology and Gravitation, Cosmomicrophysics, Radio-astronomy and Astrobiology" (Ukraine, Odessa, Chernomorka, 23-28 August, 2010) MEMORIAL SESSION SERGEY ALEKSANDROVICH SNEGOV (1910-1994) ­ OUSTANDING PHYSICIST, COSMOLOGIST, ASTRONOMER AND WRITER ­ VISIONARY TO A 100-ANNIVERSARY FROM BIRTHDAY Pahomov A.G. PFUM, Moscow It is possible to judge a condition of an astronomical science on literary works of time. ...

Lessons learned from the Thirty Meter Telescope site testing Tony Travouillon Sebastian Els, Angel Otarola, Reed Riddle, Matthias Schoeck, Warren Skidmore TMT.XXX.PRE.05.0XX.DRF01 1 Introduction TMT and its Site testing. Important choice before going on site. ... Considerations during analysis of the data. TMT.XXX.PRE.05.0XX.DRF01 2 Some Background about the TMT Site Testing TMT is a 30m, segmented, RitcheyChretien telescope design. ... ASCA Cloud Cover Analysis So how do we do it in practice? ...

... Space flight . Crew training . ... honing the skills of performing the tasks of operating the orbital (suborbital) spaceship in a normal autonomous flight and in case of occurrence of off-optimum situations; . ... preparing for conducting visual observations, photographing and video filming envisaged by the flight program; . ... preparing the astronaut's body to the effect of space flight factors, honing the skills of operating the spaceborne medical facilities, rendering self and mutual aid; . ...

... Bad Astronomy . ... Every few months, one of a series of questions comes up on the USENET group sci.astro involving tides, or the rotation of the Moon, or the recession of the Moon from the Earth. ... Why the Moon's rotation period is the same as the length of time it takes to orbit the Earth (same as number 1, but phrased differently). ... But when this happens, the time it takes for the Earth to rotate once will be slowed to exactly the same time it takes for the Moon to go around the Earth once! ...

... I will touch upon the following points: ­ fast evolution of the sizes of quiescent (elliptical) galaxies between z = 2 and z = 1; ­ prolonged star formation histories of dwarf spheroidal galaxies in the Local Group; ­ apparent lack of external sources of cold gas accretion for the nearby spiral galaxies; ­ old stellar ages and magnesium overabundance of the large-scale disks of nearby lenticular galaxies. ... This discovery has challenged the recognized scenarios of elliptical galaxy evolution. ...

Crater Gassendi . ... I made this drawing was made on the 26th of november 2001. If you compare this one with the previous drawing of Gassendi (below) the differences are clear. ... This drawing was made on the 28th of september 2001. After nearly a full month without observations I had a one hour gap between the thicker clouds. ... This drawing was made on the 29th of august 2001. ... This drawing was made on the 27th of august 2001. ... This drawing was made on the 25th of august 2001. ...