. Whenever you login to a Unix system you are placed in a program called the shell. You can see its prompt at the bottom left of your screen. To get your work done, you enter commands at this prompt. The shell acts as a command interpreter; it takes each command and passes it to the operating system kernel to be acted upon. It then displays the results of this operation on your screen. Features provided by the shell . Description of different types of shell . Changing your shell .

... The TESIS is a set of solar imaging instruments developed by the Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, and launched aboard the Russian spacecraft CORONAS-PHOTON on January 30, 2009. The main goal of the TESIS is to provide complex observations of solar active phenomena from the transition region to the inner and outer solar corona with high spatial, spectral and temporal resolution in the EUV and Soft X-ray spectral bands. ... Solar activity hits a new low . ...

MULTISCOPES . ... Modular Microscopes satisfy all your educational, medical diagnostic, and research requirements. ... To better match the diversity of your applications, the MULTISCOPE Series comes in more than ten standard models, capable of performing the most critical tasks of Brightfield, Phase Contrast, and Polarized Light microscopy. ... Modular Microscopes provide you with a choice of three easily interchangeable high-performance observation heads, all 360° rotatable for comfortable viewing. ...

... Team . ... All the results we present were obtained with the SCORPIO instrument mounted at the 6-m telescope of SAO RAS. TITLE: GCN GRB OBSERVATION REPORT NUMBER: 1090 SUBJECT: GRB001109, Host Galaxy Spectroscopic Observations DATE: 01/09/08 07:28:47 GMT FROM: Vladimir Sokolov at SAO RAS <sokolov@sao.ru> . ... TITLE: GCN GRB OBSERVATION REPORT NUMBER: 1092 SUBJECT: GRB001109, Host Galaxy Astrometry DATE: 01/09/11 08:19:24 GMT FROM: Vladimir Sokolov at SAO RAS <sokolov@sao.ru> . ...

... Satellite data ] . ... SMIS IKI RAN has developed the software package which may be used both by owners of acquisition stations and individual users of satellite information. ... AVHRR instrument data processing. ... This enables the users who are not yet qualified in computer methods of satellite data processing, to get a quick start with the software. ... The basic software package enables a user to solve a wide range of tasks (in our server You can find the data processing samples ). ...

... Orienting Mir and modules . ... one on top, one on the left side) . ... Solar arrays can help to differ top from bottom - upper side is blue and flat, lower is light and ribbed. ... There are 4 long and 2 short radiators (pointed with yellow arrow on this photo ) on each module. ... So, if you see short radiators between long ones - you see module side. ... Top of each module is marked by 2 small antennas (pointed with green arrow on the photo ) in the middle of its length near ends of long...

Russian . Main . News . ... Minutes of the Telecon on January 17, 2012. ... News of the RadioAstron mission on the Lavochkin Association site up to September 15, 2011 (in Russian). News of the RadioAstron mission up to September 3, 2011. News of the RadioAstron mission on the Lavochkin Association site (in Russian). News of the RadioAstron mission up to August 18, 2011. ... Second version of the RadioAstron Mission Operations Handbook ( in Russian )is placed on the project site . ...

... GCR and SCR are primary cosmic rays. 10-15 years after the discovery of cosmic radiation (1919) there emerged two main avenues of investigation in the physics of cosmic rays (CR): 1) nuclear - elucidation of the origin of elementary particles and nuclear interactions; and 2) astrophysical (space physics) - solution of the problem related to the origin and variations (changes in intensity) of CR. ... Besides, the CR flux in interplanetary space is, strictly speaking, not isotropic. ...

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... On Monday, August 31 SSAU Rector Evgeniy Shakhmatov within the framework of an extended meeting of the Academic Council presented a report on the results of the university activities in the academic year 2014/2015, as well as outlined the prospects for the university development. ... In the academic year 2014/2015 students training in SSAU has been conducted on 67 Bachelor s programs, 45 Specialist s programs, 29 Master's educational programs and 6 fields of secondary vocational education. ...

Instrument . ... Scanning TV-sensor with on-board data recording system for global coverage mode . ... recording, direct transmission . ... IR-radiometer for global coverage and direct data transmission modes . ... The scientific instrument package onboard the Meteor-3 spacecraft provides for regular instant acquisition of images of cloudiness and Earth surface in visible and infra-red bands, data on air temperature and humidity, sea surface temperature and clouds temperature. ...

Mathematics from the class of 2000 (section B) of the 57th school (in Russian). These problem sets, originally given in seminars, are available in TeX format, PostScript, and as Hewlett-Packard laser printer files. The syllabus "math-student" (in Russian) describes the traditional range of topics studied in math classes. ... Math Competition by Correspondence (in Russian). ... These Zip files contain problems from various years. ...

RSSI Network Operation Centre (NOC) provides 24 hours a day, 7 days a week monitoring and maintaining of all RSSI network components (including routers, leased lines to sites, interconnection links, dialup service, telecommunication equipment and etc.) from Network Operation Centre Interconnect Facility at Space Research Institute RAS in Moscow. ... NASA Internet NOC to isolate and resolve circuit, routing hardware and/or software failures; . ... NMS alarms and monitoring tools . ... User Support . ...

Multipurpose Aerospace System (MAKS) . ... Up to date the main components of the orbital stage construction have been worked up, external fuel tank mock-up has been made, significant work has been already done on the propulsion system MAKS consists of the subsonic carrier aircraft and an orbital stage with an external fuel tank mounted on it As the first stage the An-225 MRIA aircraft originally intended for the BURAN transportation is used. ... CREATION AIRFRAME OF THE BURAN ORBITAL SPACESHIP . ...

... For calculation of apparent place of some star there are two methods. ... The second method is to use formulae of this page together with information from 'Mean places ...' and 'Reduction quantities' pages. ... Here: ALPHAmean, MUalpha - mean right ascension and mean proper motion in right ascension of some star at mean epoch of the year, . DELTAmean, MUdelta - mean declination and mean proper motion in declination of some star at mean epoch of the year, . ...

Truebloodb,g, K. Zelayab Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43221 USA; bNational Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 North Cherry Street, Tucson AZ 85719 USA; cCerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena ... USA ABSTRACT We describe the design, construction and measured performance of the Kitt Peak Ohio State Multi-Object Spectrograph ( KOSMOS ) for the 4-m Mayall ... Optical layout for KOSMOS and COSMOS. ...

Moscow State University Sternberg Astronomical Institute Specification 2.5 m telescope with enclosure version 7.6 |Number|Item description, type |Quanti| | ... 1000 |2.5 m mirror telescope system |1 | ... lightweighting) must provide the short time of | ... stations (ports) must be provided. ... 1006 |Nasmyth focal stations must be provided with a deployable| | ... must be provided. ... Telescope control system and environment conditions | ... 2005 |Camera shutter must provide unvignetted CCD field, | ...

Happy Face Crater on Mars . ... Credit Copyright: Malin Space Science Systems , MGS , NASA Explanation: Even Mars can put on a happy face. The Martian crater Galle has internal markings reminiscent of a smiley face symbol. ... Conventional wisdom holds that the markings inside the crater are placed by chance by natural processes. The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft currently orbiting Mars took the above picture . MGS recently started the global surveying phase of its mission. ...

Authors: V.A. Marsakov , Yu.G. Shevelev , . Journal: 1988, Astron Zh. ... Absolute magnitudes, metallicities, effective temperatures, surface gravities, distances, and tangential velocities are calculated for 5498 F stars with homogeneous data on uvby photometry and proper motion, and placed within 80 pc from the Sun. Components of space velocities, eccentricities of galactic orbits, perigalactic and apogalactic distances, and maximal remotness from galactic plane are presented for 1787 stars. ...

The paper presents the 'Neptune-ME' information display system (IDS) as a spaceman console (SC) of the descent module of the 'Soyuz -TMA' piloted transport spaceship, and the integrated console (IC) of manual control loop for module equipment in the Russian segment of the 'Alpha' international space station. ... to control spaceship systems; . ... An integrated control console (ICC) which is hardware and software compatible with a IBM PC, is suggested as a basic console for the manual control loop. ...