... Spherical aberration, coma, and astigmatism are also easily observed using the star test. ... Off-axis images are complex. ... Fig. ... Diffraction by a circular aperture as a function of defocus for no aberration Airy Disk 1 wave defocus Less than 1 wave defocus Fig. ... Diffraction by a circular aperture as a function of defocus for third-order spherical aberration Paraxial Focus Small distance inside paraxial focus Moderate distance from marginal focus Immediate neighborhood of marginal focus Fig...

Общий форум . Scientific.ru Все форумы . ... Михалыч - 31.01.2005 13:50 . ... International Conference on Intelligent Computing (ICIC) 2005 . ... Paper Submission Deadline: April 1, 2005 . ... This conference will feature world-class plenary speakers, exhibitions, and a large number of oral and poster presentations and some special sessions focused on popular topics. ... Each special session proposal should be well motivated and should consist of 4 to 6 papers. ... Conference: 23-26 August 2005 . ...

. This series shows the universe at the present time as modeled by the Millennium Simulation. Each panel zooms in 2 times to a cluster of galaxies. The scale difference between the first and last panels is on the order of 1,000. The Millennium Simulation was performed at the computer center at the Max-Planck Society in Garching, Germany. Virgo Consortium / Volker Springel et al.

... ON THE ROLE OF LARGE-SCALE PLASMA IRREGULARITIES AT THE FINAL STAGE OF ANOMALOUS ABSOPTION DEVELOPING UNDER HF HEATING OF THE IONOSPHERE . ... Fig. ... With the aid of numerical statistical modeling based on multiple ray tracing it is shown that in presence of large-scale irregularities the reflected signal amplitude mean value is increased significantly. ... Dependence of the mean amplitude of the reflected from the ionosphere signal on the large-scale (10-50 km) electron density irregularity level...

Birthday Traditions in Ireland. St. Oliver Plunkett National School Blackrock, Ireland . If a child is having a party, he/she sends invitations to their friends and relatives inviting them to their party. ... When the children come in, they would hand the birthday child the presents. ... We also have a decorated birthday cake . ... On my ninth birthday when I woke up I was very happy. ... She said, "Happy . ... birthday party. ... When I got to school my principal wished me a "Happy Birthday". ...

... A rough estimation is that in the United States there is one planetarium per 100,000 population, ranging in size from the Hayden Planetarium's 20-meter dome seating 430 people, to three-meter inflatable portable domes where children sit on the floor. ... Together dblo associates make a huge impact in the architecture, interior design and development arena in London. ... With the holidays around the corner what better way to spoil your family than with your very own private home cinema. ...

... The purpose of the meeting was to review the current status of project development and to discuss working plan for international cooperation on the stage of preparation to the launch. 22 foreign specialists participated in the meeting representing Australia, Canada, China, Finland, Japan, the Netherlands, Ukraine, United Kingdom, and USA. ... To define personal content of proposed working groups and to develop plan of their activity for 2003 year (15 November 2002, chairmen of working groups). ...

Groups, ends and trees: exercises I Michele Triestino 2015-07-21 Exercise 1. Show that SL(n, Z) is generated by the transvections: these are the matrices with 1's on the diagonal and one other entry equal to 1 and all the others 0. ... Show that the fundamental group of a bouquet of n circles is the free group over an alphabet S of size n: #S = n. More generally, what is the fundamental group of a finite graph? ... Prove that the quotient of a finitely generated group is finitely generated. ...

... Astronomy news . ... Earth Seen By NASA's Moon Mapper On India's Chandrayaan-1 Spacecraft . A new image of Earth taken from 200 kilometers (124 miles) above the lunar surface was taken by the Moon Mineralogy Mapper, one of two NASA instruments onboard the Indian Space Research Organization's Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft. ... NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., designed and built the Moon Mineralogy Mapper and is home to its project manager, Mary White. ...