The solar system probably formed about 4.5 billion years ago from a giant disk of gas, dust and ice in space. ... All forms of life on Earth require liquid water to survive, so the presence of liquid water is a good criterion for deciding whether other planets in the universe could be habitable. Earth is the only habitable planet in the solar system. Venus, closer to the Sun, is too hot to have liquid water. Planets and moons in the outer solar system are too cold for liquid water. ...

Class 1 Introduction, Background History of Modern Astronomy The Night Sky, Eclipses and the Seasons Kepler's Laws Newtonian Gravity General Relativity Matter and Light Telescopes Class 2 Solar System Characteristics Formation Exosolar Planets Class 3 Stars The Sun Stellar Evolution of Low and High Mass Stars Deaths of Stars Exotic Stars Class 4 Galaxies Galaxy Classification Formation of Galaxies Galactic Evolution ... So far, one planet has been studied by this method. ...

... Dept. for Physics of Minor Celestial Bodies . Dept. for Physics of Planetary Systems . Dept. for Solar Physics . ... Achievements . ... The theory of radiative transfer in inhomogeneous atmospheres was developed ( Yanovytskij E.G. ) . ... Calculations shown that the vertical movement of gas and aerosol in the atmosphere of giant planets with velocity w = (0.1-0.5) m/s determines the capacity of visible clouds and therefore affects their brightness characteristics (A. P. Vidmachenko). ...

... GALAXY: A galaxy is made up of billions or trillions of stars bound together by their own gravity. ... HELIUM (He): The second element in the periodic table, has 2 protons, 2 neutrons, and is a noble gas. ... Helium melts at -272.2 degrees Celsius, and boils at -268.934 degrees Celsius. ... HYDROGEN (H): The first element on the periodic table, is a gas, and has an atomic mass of 1.00794 amu. ... Hydrogen melts at -259.34 degrees Celsius, and freezes at -252.87 degrees Celsius. ...

... Australia Telescope Compact Array Radio Imaging of the Proplyd-like Objects in the Giant HII Region NGC 3603'' . M?cke, A., Koribalski, B.S. , Moffat, A.F.J., Corcoran, M.F., Stevens, I.R. 2002, ApJ 571, 366 . ... Brenneman, L., Corcoran, M.F., Moffat, A.F.J., Marchenko, S.V., Ptak, A., Skalkowski, G., Mushotzky, R., Stevens, I.R., Mueke, A., Koribalski, B.S. , et al. ... Physical Properties of visual counterparts to X-ray sources in the giant HII region NGC 3603'' . ...

... A method to detect non-radial pulsations of CP stars is suggested. ... The opportunity is noted to get an information on spatial structure of non-radial oscillations from the analysis of radial velocities of chemical element lines, concentrated in the spots. To detect and identify the modes of non-radial oscillations of average grades it is suggested to use the methods of line profile analysis applying thee to the lines observed in the local spots on the stellar surface. ...

This diagram illustrates two block boxes, one above the other, with rectangular clipping regions of different dimensions. ... Both axes depict increments of 5px. The clipping region of the first P box lies entirely within it, offset 5px from the top and left edges of the P box, and 10px from the right and bottom edges. ... The clipping region of the second P box resembles that of the first in style and position, except that the right edge is 5px to the right of the P box's right edge. ...

... Sun images . ... Sun flares . ... Active areas . September : 2015 . ... The following regions with sunspots can be now observed on the Sun's surface . Group number . ... Group length (in degrees) . ... Coordinates and other characteristics of active regions are issued for September 09, 2015 00:31 UT The following H-alpha plages without spots can be currently observed on the Sun's surface . ... Coordinates and other characteristics of active regions are issued for September 09, 2015 00:31 UT . ...

... Bad Astronomy . ... Bitesize Astronomy . ... Bad Astro Store . ... Slacker Astronomy . ... Keep Bad Astronomy close to your heart, and help make me filthy rich. ... Life Under the Moon . ... Seeing Jupiter's Moons . ... Time Zones and the Spherical Earth . A Companion to the Earth? ... December 19, 1999) . ... Big Moon, Little Moon . ... How Big is the Moon? ... 14, 2000) . ... 2008 Phil Plait. ... Subscribe to the Bad Astronomy Newsletter! Talk about Bad Astronomy on the BA Bulletin Board! ...

Subject of Astronomy. ... Celestial Sphere. ... Spherical Frames of Reference: Horisontal and Equatorial Coordinates, Ecliptical System. ... Transformation of Celestial Coordinates. ... Change of Object Coordinates as a Result of Diurnal Rotation of Celestial Sphere. Phenomenons, Which Lead to Celestial Coordinates Change. ... Motion of Equator, Ecliptic, and Their Poles. ... Diurnal Solar Motion on Different Latitudes. ... Time Equation. ... Apparent Motions and Configuration of Planets. ...

... Uncovering the Chemistry of Earth-like Planets . ... An Earth-like planet, born from the same nebula as its host star, is composed primarily of silicate rocks and an iron-nickel metal core, and depleted in volatile content in a systematic manner. The more volatile (easier to vaporize or dissociate into gas form) an element is in an Earth-like planet, the more depleted the element is compared to its host star. ... Apr . ... Copyright (c) Amateur Telescope Makers of Boston, Inc. ...

... SSAU History . SSAU roadmap . ... Engineers of SSAU laboratory of additive technologies started to carry out experiments in the field of 3D-printing of metal parts, components and assemblies. The research of Samara scientists will allow producing highly complex and non-standard elements of spatial forms required for design and creation of advanced aviation and space technology. ... SSAU Laboratory of Additive Technologies is established in 2011. ... e-mail: ssau@ssau.ru . ...

... We present a computer program for modelling energy flux distribution and light curves of eclipsing binaries from far ultraviolet to infrared regions. The Roche model is assumed. Proximity effects of components (reflection of radiation and surface gravity darkening) are taken into account. ... Figure 1: The surface temperature distribution for Algol A-B system before (upper plot) and after (lower plot) correction for temperature due to the irradiation effect. ...

... part 1 | ... The Basic Stages in Earth's Pre-geological Development . ... After fragments of the Vortex sleeves separated, whirlwinds of second and third orders ("NC" - new micro-vortex) were generated- future planet cores and their satellites - all of them developing independently, governed by the common laws of development of cosmogenic vortexes. ... Our planet's core today is comprised of considerably deteriorated cosmogenic vortex; consequently, the Earth has a moderated magnetic field. ...

... galaxies: bulges galaxies: clusters: general galaxies: clusters: individual: . ... star formation statistics stellar content structure Cosmology ( cosmology :) cosmic background radiation ( cosmology :) cosmological parameters cosmology : miscellaneous cosmology : observations cosmology : theory ( cosmology :) dark ages, reionization, first stars ( cosmology :) dark energy ( cosmology :) dark matter ( cosmology :) diffuse radiation ( cosmology :) distance scale ( cosmology :) early Universe (...

... The project assumes creation of an international space observatory - the interferometer "Earth - Space - Space" in order to perform of astronomical investigations in millimeter, submillimeter and infrared regions with extremely high sensitivity (to a few nanoJanskies units of flux density in continuum spectrum) and extremely high angular resolution (to a parts of microsecond of arc or, possibly, nanosecond). ... radio-interferometric channels of the system "Space - Space", region 0.2 - 3 mm; . ...

... Using the spectra was taken with 4m telescope of the Kitt-Peak observatory (USA), on the basis of a new method of stellar population determination, which combines advantages of both evolutionary and population syntheses, a study of the stellar population and evolutionary characteristics - metallicity, age and mass function was carried out for the Blue Compact Galaxy (BCG) SBS~1331+493 with low heavy element abundance, undergoing the burst of star formation. ... Arrows show the regions. ...

On the front of exoplanet modelling: ! ... Knudson et al.; etc.. ... First applications to our Solar System Planets The standard picture: · · · Internal structure of Jupiter and Saturn based on the three-layer picture Equation of state of Saumon-Chabrier for H/He (semi-analytical) Equations of state for metals ... /SESAME (Los Alamos) (relevant regime P ~ 1 Mbar - 100 Mbar: interpolated between experiments and asymptotic limits in the very high density, fully ionised limit) ...

... - 20070419/ 2011-04-17 18:27 - 20080714/ 2011-04-17 18:26 - 20090731/ 2011-04-19 01:14 - 20100810/ 2011-04-19 01:21 - 20100816/ 2010-10-18 20:54 - 20100904/ 2010-10-18 20:54 - 20101005/ 2010-10-18 21:28 - 20101006/ 2010-10-18 21:27 - 20101007/ 2010-10-18 21:25 - 20101008/ 2010-10-18 20:54 - 20101009/ 2010-10-18 21:17 - 20101010/ 2010-10-18 21:14 - 20101015/ 2010-10-18 21:12 - 20101016/ 2010-10-18 21:46 - 20101017/ ...

Underdetermined sets is a new type of data structures (terms) developed in Actor Prolog . ... The point is that an underdetermined set can include some indefinite rest (a tail) like a list in usual Prolog . At the same time, the order of elements of an underdetermined set can be arbitrary one and it does not affect results of unification of underdetermined sets. Moreover, Actor Prolog guarantees that a rest of an underdetermined set never contains elements that are explicitly given in the set. ...