... The procedure of radiometer signal integration can be considered as a sort of reducing dimension of the initial sampling space, where the samples are the result of analog-to-digital conversion. ... The probability distribution of the signal and spikes is completely known. ... The quality of the considered algorithm could be also illustrated by Figure 2 . ... One could see the considered adaptive algorithm is preferable even by low degree of compression, because all spikes have been depressed. ...

... On the left is a normal star field containing the constellation Orion. ... A Wolf-Rayet Star Blows Bubbles . ... Wolf-Rayet stars can blow bubbles. ... All extremely massive stars will eventually evolve though a Wolf-Rayet phase. ... Wolf-Rayet stars generate bubbles because they continually eject their outer atmosphere as a stellar wind. ... Although Aurora might first appear to be moonlit clouds, they only add light to the sky, and hence can not block background stars from view. ... X-Ray Earth . ...

... Step 1: The magnetic field line tracing from the satellite position up to magnetic equatorial plane using IGRF magnetic field model. Step 2: Tracing back from the point (produced on the Step 1) to the Ionosphere (by using only dipole magnetic field) . ... The magnetic field line tracing from the satellite position up to the Ionosphere (the stop trace altitude 110 km) using Main (dipole) + Extraterrestrial magnetic field model (for example, Tsyganenko [1987], or [1989], or [1990] ) . ...

... Extinction Class Reference . ... voidљ . forward (const Vec3d *altAzPos, float *mag, const int num=1) const . ... forward (const Vec3f *altAzPos, float *mag, const int num=1) const . ... forward (const double *sinAlt, float *mag, const int num) const . ... forward (const float *sinAlt, float *mag, const int num) const . ... forward (const double *sinAlt, float *mag) const . ... forward (const float *sinAlt, float *mag) const . ... backward (const float *sinAlt, float *mag, const int num=1) const . ...

... Microlocal Analysis is a theory of Pseudo-Differential Operators and Fourier Integral Operators (PDOs and FIOs). ... Microlocal analysis comes in few flavors. ... We will consider semi-classical PDOs and FIOs: one can always get from there to standard PDOs and FIOs but semi-classical theory has more applications. Less formal description of (semi-classical) microlocal analysis is ``a semi-classical limit of quantum mechanics'' or ``high-frequency limit of electrodynamics'' (etc). ...

MATHEMATICAL MODELING: . ... This model is developed on the base of the probabilistic description of the collisional aeronomical processes and is realized on a computer as the numerical system (stochastic model). ... Shematovich, V.I., Bisikalo , D.V.             Nonequilibrium processes in the planetary and cometary atmospheres. ... In Russian) . ... Piarnpuu , A. A.; and Shematovich, V. I.       Construction of structural stochastic models of collision processes in rarefied gas media (abstract) . ...

The original files with the data were in different formats. ... Such files were named "standard data files" and linked to the database. They can be easily transformed to any desirable format by a code. Here we present two simple computer programs of this kind. ... When running the code, you can specify columns in the output file: wavelength, energy (eV) or wavenumber (cm -1 ) as the first column, and complex refractive index or dielectric function as the second and third columns. ...

... DESCRIPTION General Catalog of Variable Stars (GCVS database) . ... Kholopov P.N., Samus N.N., Durlevich O.V., Kazarovets E.V., Kireeva N.N., Tsvetkova T.M., 1990, General Catalogue of Variable Stars, 4rd ed., vol.IV, Nauka, Moscow. Kholopov P.N., Samus N.N., Durlevich O.V., Kazarovets E.V., Kireeva N.N., Tsvetkova T.M., 1992, General Catalogue of Variable Stars, 4rd ed., vol.IV, Bull. ... Kazarovets E.V., Durlevich O.V. Editor-in-Chief Samus N.N., 1998, New Catalogue of Suspected Variable Stars. ...

... Oleg V. Verkhodanov . ... The last few years have changed our view on the evolution of galaxies: the most distant galaxies (i.e. systems having stellar population) have been found at redshift z=6.68 (Chen H.-W., Lanzetta, K. M., Pascarelle, S. 1999, Nature, 398 , 586) and radio galaxy at z=5.19 (van Breugel W., De Breuck C., Stanford S. A., Stern D., Rottgering H., Miley G. 1999. astro-ph/9904272 ). ... Redshifts and age of stellar systems of distant radio galaxies from multicolour photometry data. ...

... public class TiffDecoder . ... static int . ... Field Detail public static final int NEW_SUBFILE_TYPE . ... public static final int IMAGE_WIDTH . ... public static final int IMAGE_LENGTH . ... public static final int BITS_PER_SAMPLE . ... public static final int COMPRESSION . ... public static final int PHOTO_INTERP . ... public static final int IMAGE_DESCRIPTION . ... public static final int STRIP_OFFSETS . ... public static final int ORIENTATION . ... public static final int SAMPLES_PER_PIXEL . ...

Open Systems Handbook: A Guide to Building Open Systems . ... This book is designed to provide interested individuals and organizations with an overview of open systems and the work being done to achieve them. ... This section is organized using a descriptive model of an open systems environment developed by the IEEE PI 003.0 Working Group, which is developing the Guide to POSIX-based Open System Architecture. ... Standards for open systems 13 . Chapter 3: The open systems environment (OSE) 15 . ...