The Geodetic Reference Antenna in Space ( GRASP ): A Mission to Enhance the Terrestrial Reference Frame Yoaz Bar-Sever1, R. Steven Nerem2, and the GRASP Team 2 Jet Propulsion Laboratory University of Colorado, Boulder 1 Terrestrial Reference Frame ( TRF ) and GRASP · TRF is fundamental to all areas of geophysics TRF · TRF are currently determined by 4 space-ground geodetic techniques: - GPS/ GNSS - ... YEB, September 2012 10 ...

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Contents. planet: 5 - Jupiter satellites: J1 - Io : 10, J3 - Ganymede : 15, J4 - Callisto : 6 total number: 31 type: relative dates: 1997-1997 observatory: see observatories list in the relevant article. ... Emelianov N. V., Vashkovjak S. N. (2009) Astrometric results of the observations of the mutual occultations and eclipses of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter in 1997. ... Position angle A in degrees (topocentric for mutual occultation or heliocentric for mutual eclipse) 10. ...

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... Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2 . ... For example, the following configuration will map /cgi-bin/script.pl to /usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin/script.pl in all cases: . ... A request for http://www.example.com/directory/file.html will be satisfied by the file /usr/local/apache/vhosts/www.example.com/directory/file.html . ... A request for http://www.domain.example.com/directory/file.html will be satisfied by the file /usr/local/apache/vhosts/example.com/d/o/m/domain/directory/file.html . ...

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... Space flight . ... Space Hotel . ... The program of deployment of small orbital station (SOS) consisting of a family of spacecrafts and module-spacecrafts represents a consecutive realization of flight scenarios with consecutive building up of functions. ... Scenario 1 - the regular and revised spacecrafts of class "Soyuz" - TMSC and MNMSC (MNMSC-cargo, MNMSC-MR) are used, pls. see fig fig.8 . ... The terms of transition to this scenario are determined by terms of readiness of one or another module....

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... What is the notion time? ... Generally speaking, it is an order of changing events, an order of constantly changing conditions of solids, Universe - being. ... The time, determined for the given longitude, is called the local time . ... A uniform system of time counting - ephemeris time is tested by observations of the Moon turning around the Earth. Fully independent from astronomic observation uniform system of the time counting is based on the concept of atomic second (see quantum watches ). ...

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... The variability of the spectrum of the optical component of the IR-source IRAS01005+7910 was discovered for the first time in the BTA spectra [1]. ... The spectral features include absorptions that form in near-photospheric layers, narrow envelope emissions, and emission-absorption profiles that form in photosphere-to-envelope transition layers (the wind). ... Discovery of spectral variation in the optical counterpart of IRAS01005+7910. ... Dashed line - envelope curve of all the SiII 5979 profiles ...

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... The most precisely determined characteristic for accreting neutron stars (NS's) is their period. ... Period changes show fluctuations. ... Some applications of stochastic processes in astrophysics especially in accreting systems were discussed in Lipunov (1987),Hoshino Takeshima (1993) and Lipunov (1992).In Hoshino Takeshima (1993) the authors, using simple models of MHD turbulence, try to explain aperiodic changes in X-ray luminosity of X-ray pulsars. ... Here, -constant angular momentum. ...

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Next: Status and Goals of Up: NICMOS Data Calibration and Previous: NICMOS Data Calibration and . ... CALNICB Processing . ... Combining NUMITER Images . ... The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) data reduction and calibration pipeline for the Near-Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) is composed of two major tasks, CALNICA and CALNICB. ... NICMOS, calibration, pipeline, software . ... CALNICB combines images into mosaics and also removes background signal from the images. ...

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... Cooling and thermal control system (CTCS):an angle between normal of thermal radiator plane (Z-axis) and vector "SC-Sun" must exceed 90 deg.. ... The axes of the first two sensors are in the plane YOZ; they have an angle of 35 degrees with Y and -Y axis being inclined to the direction of -Z axis. ... 30 degrees for Sun; . ... An angle between +Z-axis and direction to the Sun center must exceed 90 degrees. ... An angle between direction "SA-Sun(center)" and XOZ plane must not exceed 30 degrees. ...

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• Description of the RadioAstron project, english version

The following images of the icy surface of Ganymede, the Solar System's largest moon, were made by the Galileo spacecraft during its ongoing mission to explore Jupiter and the Jovian system. ... This image was taken when Galileo was 7,448 kilometers (4,628 miles) away from Ganymede; north is to the top of the picture, and sunlight illuminates the surface from the lower left nearly overhead (77 degrees above the horizon). ... The image was taken June 27 at a range of 7,448 kilometers (4,628 miles). ...

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Russian SHAREABLE DATA CENTER Institute of Solar-Terrestial Physics SB RAS . ... Chirp ionosonde main technical characteristics . ... Linear frequency modulated continuous signals sounding method is relatively simple and has wide application in various special-purpose systems. ... Chirp signals which are applying for ionosphere channel diagnostics usually have10KHz/s -- 1MHz/s. We must point out that under modulation speed increasing there is an increase in noise suppression and resolution power. ...

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... Bad Astronomy . ... Mad Science . ... Universe Today . ... Keep Bad Astronomy close to your heart, and help make me filthy rich. ... type 1a supernovae seem most useful . ... This is a bright, massive star that explodes after fusing all the light elements in its core. ... That means we can calculate how far away it is. ... This is exactly what we are trying to do with these supernovae; look far enough away that any deviations from flatness of the Universe can be seen. ... Phil Plait . ...

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The points proposed to be analogous to ones for the 4 th , 5 th , 6 th , 7 th , 8 th , 9 th and 10 th Asian-Pacific Astronomy Olympiads . ... National Astronomy Olympic Committees and interested organizations are welcome to ask more about the 11 th APAO and in 2015 may form the teams for the 20 th IAO as well as for the 11 th APAO. ... The Olympiad will be held on November 13-22, 2015. Dr. Michael G. Gavrilov, Founding Chairman and Coordinator of the Asian-Pacific Astronomy Olympiad (APAO) . ...

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... Martian rocks indicate relatively recent quakes, volcanism on the Red Planet . ... Scientists have found evidence of relatively recent quakes on the surface of Mars by studying boulders that fell off cliffs, leaving tracks behind. ... Images of a martian landscape offer evidence that the Red Planetт??s surface not only can shake like the surface of Earth, but also has done so relatively recently. ... Only registered members of Astronomy.com are allowed to comment on this article. ... Most recent | ...

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... COMPUTER SIMULATION OF RADIOWAVE MULTIPLE SCATTERING EFFECTS IN IONOSPHERE USING MONTE-CARLO METHOD . ... Distribution of reflected radiation on the ground is computed. ... Such influence can be remarkable if the scattering is multiple, i.e. the optical thickness for the scattering process is considerably greater than a unit. ... Radiation energy transfer in the slab is modeled by distribution of some particles carring small portions of radiation energy. ... The isotropic plasma approximation is...

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... Cyclic and Secular Variations Sunspot Groups with Various Scales V. N. Obridko and O. G. Badalyan* N.V. Pushkov Institute for Terrestrial Magnetism, the Ionosphere, and Radio ... from the Greenwich Catalog and its NOAA­USEF extension are used to analyze the spot-formation activity on the Sun separately for small (S 100 msh), medium (100 S 500 msh), and large (S 500 msh) sunspot groups The relationship between the numbers of groups with various areas changes with time. ...

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. You can define a file or directory by its location in relation to your current directory . The pathname is given as / (slash) separated list of the directories on the route to the file (or directory) from your current directory. A .. (dot dot) is used to represent the directory immediately above the current directory. In all shells except the Bourne shell, the ~ (tilde) character can be used as shorthand for the full pathname to your home directory. Examples . Did You Know? .

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... Because you are a newly created organization, we are not now making a final determination of your foundation status under section 509(a) of the Code. However, we have determined that you can reason-ably be expectqd, to- be a pubricly supported organization described sectiongn in )WCl), t futCl lr[1o U-10 Accordingly, you will be treated as a publicly supported organization, and not as a private foundation, during an advance ruling period. ...

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