Statistics of sunspot activity . The sunspot indices . ... Visual indices of solar activity . ... n - number of spot groups . A - Waldmeier class of unipolar spot groups without penumbra . B - class of bipolar spot groups without penumbra . C - class of bipolar spot groups with one penumbra pole . D - class of small bipolar spot groups with two penumbra poles . E - class of middle bipolar spot groups with two penumbra poles . ... H - class of unipolar penumbrated spot groups . ...

... The earliest X--ray observations were carried out in the mid--1970s. X--ray luminosities of order L erg/sec were detected in the 2-11 keV range in the direction of the Orion star forming region. ... These observations showed that the O and B stars were the brightest X--ray sources, and that TTs were also associated with emission. Feigelson and Kriss (1981) showed that some of the X--ray sources were associated with PMS stars which had not been previously detected which H surveys. ...

Disastrous earthquakes happen 100 to 200 times a year. ... There is a chance that the data of ionospheric plasma observations hold an answer to the latter question. Satellites and ground-based facilities may detect earthquake precursors in the ionosphere a few hours or days before the main shock. ... ULF "Hz"-oscillations have been recorded several hours before the main shock in a narrow magnetic field tube (40...100 km along the satellite trajectory) conjugated with epicenter of the earthquake. ...

Understanding Europa's Radiation Environment and How it Influences Landing Site Characterization G.W. Patterson, L.M. Prockter, C. Paranicas Applied Physics Laboratory Introduction · The surface of Europa is weathered by charged and neutral particles, micrometeroids, and photons. ... Background · Criteria for characterizing potential landing sites [e.g., Figueredo et al., ... 2004) Background · Criteria for characterizing potential landing sites [e.g., Figueredo et al., ... Figueredo et al., ...

. Language [RU/EN] Search: . Home . UP . Research . Projects . Services . Info . News . Events . Personal . Archive . WebMail . N.V. Pushkov . 09/04/2016 22:37 MSK . webmaster@izmiran.ru . Magnetism . ИЗМИРАН . Ionosphere . COSPAR 2016 . Istanbul, Turkey . Jul 30 - Aug 07 2016 . Solar-Terrestrial Physics . Forecasts . Solar Activity . Geomagnetic Activity . ICC . IZMIRAN-75 . 11.12.14 Exibition. 75-th anniv. of IZMIRAN . Information . News . 25.05.2015 FSR-2015 . Events . Ads . (C) 2007, IZMIRAN

Next: Gravitational Wave Background from Previous: Galactic Gravitational Wave Background . ... It is intuitively clear that at frequencies above the critical ones for our Galaxy, one will detect rare bright jerks produced by coalescing white dwarfs   (at a rate of 1 per 100 year) and NS (at a rate of 1 per - year) in our Galaxy, against a background of the extragalactic stochastic GW. ... Firstly we consider GWB from close individual galaxies, and then will discuss overall extragalactic GWB. ...

... The schedule assigned id (example: AS05) for your observing program. ... Use the time you started using the telescope including when you started taking calibrations. The time you opened for on sky observations can be entered later in the activity log. UTC End Time: . ... Focus Log: . ... The focus position can be obtained under the Telescope column of the System Status in ACP or from the run log. ... When all fields are filled out press this button to email the log to the ARCSAT and community. ...

Pulkovo NEO Page . ... NEA Accuracy Estimation . ... The estimation of accuracy of the current CCD observations of asteroids and comets is constantly performed at Pulkovo Observatory. ... The (O-C) values, so called "Observed" minus "Calculated" positions, characterize numerically the observations of any observatory, both professional and amateur, during a short period (one or several close nights). ... So the (O-C) values for these objects nearly entirely define the errors of observations. ...

... Design, fabrication and experimental studies of a novel device: Cold Electron Bolometer (CEB). ... The Cold-Electron Bolometer (CEB) proposed at Chalmers University is a novel device, which could be a turning point in realization of modern supersensitive detectors. ... The key element of my research is design, fabrication and studies of such terahertz band cold electron bolometer with attowatt sensitivity, to develop a novel type of bolometer in which electrons are cooled below the phonon...

Next: Navigation Pre-Observation Products . ... SRT (Space Radio Telescope) Schedule (SRS) File . ... What: GOCG generates the Space Radio Telescope (SRT) schedule file, or SRS file, from current GSTS file. The SRS file has more precise time stamps than long-term schedules, and also designates which GTS will be used when. ... The SRS file also serves as the antenna pointing schedule file, as it describes the planned orientation of the spacecraft (and solar panels) as a function of time. ...

... The Sun is the closest star to us, and a regular object in our Galaxy. Solar activity manifests itself, primarily, in solar flares - episodic explosive energy release in the form of electromagnetic radiation and high energy particles (electrons and protons). The nature of the flares is related to cyclic variations of global and local magnetic fields in the atmosphere of the Sun. ... Such formations are called active regions. ...

... Precisely one month ago, on 11 July 2009, the last active area of the new solar cycle disappeared from the surface of the Sun. Over the 30 days following this, neither observers on Earth nor devices in space have been able to detect the emergence of any sunspots. ... Therefore, it seems that our star has once again returned to a state of deep solar "winter", following several sparks of activity in May-June 2009. ... To date, this period has lasted 30 days. ...

... S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION ENERGIA . ... OAO RSC "Energia" . ... Company's History . ... History . Brief History of Rocket and Space Technology . ... Flights Chronology . ... Project History . ISS Russian Segment . Steps of ISS Assembly . Spaceflights Chronology . Chronology of Extravehicular Activity . ISS 45/46 . ... Rocket Space Complexes . ... Launches Chronology . ... Automatic Space Systems . ... AT-SPACE . ... 2015 JSC "S.P. Korolev RSC "Energia" . ...

... Dept. for Physics of Planetary Systems . ... Laser station . ... Built a network of laser stations (LLS), radio (GNSS) satellites and observation radiointerferometrychnyh observations of quasars (VLBI) ( YA.S. Yatskiv, Medvedsky MM, AA Pace, EE Volvach, YL Kokurin in collaboration with workers in other entities) . ... БЂў Laser station observation satellites is the global network of service stations of the International Earth rotation and conducts active surveillance for international programs. ...

... The department was founded in late sixties by Prof. D.Ya.Martynov, who for many years was also the director of Sternberg Astronomical Institute. At present time, the head of the department is Prof. A.M.Cherepashchuk, a pupil of D.Ya.Martynov and his successor as the director of SAI. Since Prof. Martynov, the scientific activity of the department was primarily related to binary stars. ... The department consists of 15 members most of which have Ph.D. in Astrophysics. ...

... MASTER Net is 56 square degrees per 1 exposition . ... 06 Dec 2015: GRB 151205B: MASTER-NET early optical observations GCN18665 . ... 18 Nov 2015: GRB 151118A: MASTER-NET optical observations GCN18613 . ... 12 Nov 2015: GRB 151112A: MASTER-NET optical limit GCN18591 . ... 07 Nov 2015: GRB 151107A: MASTER-NET optical observations GCN18565 . ... 31 Oct 2015: Five OTs detected by Global Robotic MASTER Net ATel8232 . ... 02 Oct 2015: GRB 151001B: MASTER-NET early optical observations GCN18380 . ...

... Eugene A. Cernan (Captain, USN, Ret.) NASA Astronaut (former) . ... Cernan subsequently served as backup pilot for Gemini 12 and as backup lunar module pilot for Apollo 7. On his second space flight, he was lunar module pilot of Apollo 10, May 18-26, 1969, the first comprehensive lunar-orbital qualification and verification flight test of an Apollo lunar module. ... Captain Cernan has logged 566 hours and 15 minutes in space-of which more than 73 hours were spent on the surface of the moon. ...

... Denmark: ftp://ftp.dmi.min.dk/pub/Data/WDCC1/indices/kp-ap/ . Germany: ftp://ftp.gfz-potsdam.de/pub/home/obs/kp-ap/ . ... we do not guarantee the correctness of the international sunspot number R; these values are published separately (Brussels, Belgium) The following scientific and format documentation is adapted from ftp://ftp.ngdc.noaa.gov/STP/GEOMAGNETIC_DATA/INDICES/KP_AP/kp_ap.fmt The subscript p means planetary and designates a global magnetic activity index. ...

... APT Activities and Science Results 3. ... APT Secretary Philip Edwards (ISAS) reviewed the aims of the APT (http://www.vsop.isas.ac.jp/apt/DefinitionAndAims.html). ... The Australia Telescope Compact Array, and Ceduna, Hartebeesthoek, Kashima, Mopra, Parkes, and Shanghai telescopes of the Asia-Pacific Telescope participated in these observations. ... In the absence of Tetsuo Sasao, Philip Edwards briefly described results of the APT 22 GHz observations conducted from October 1st to 5th, 1997. ...

... In these pages we have collected contributions by fellow amateurs supernovae hunters. These contributions concern mainly the discoveries they made and their searching activity. ... External link) . The discovery of SN1997bp in NGC 4680 (from TA Magazine, vol34, n.397) - text and images. Visual Supernova Searching With The 40 inch Telescope at Siding Spring Observatory . ... A web page on SN1995G in NGC 1643 (external link to the South Australia Astronomical Society) - text and images. ...