... The HST uses an onboard model of its orbit to perform in real-time various control functions relating to spacecraft operations and observation support. ... New coefficients for the ephemeris are updated every other day, and are archived as FITS keywords for each HST observation data set. Using these coefficients,an observer can perform a variety of calibration and characterization calculations relating to the orbital position and velocity of the telescope. ...

... 601Artyukh A survey of compact ( q < 1") radio sources is being made with the Large Phased Array (LPA) of Lebedev Physical Institute. ... The survey of scintillating radio sources in two areas of 7C survey has enabled to detect 414 compact sources, 380 of them 92% were detect first. The scintillating source count (from observations of two areas) has confirmed the decrease of the compact radio sources density for weak flux densities, which we found from observations of the first area. ...

An Ancient Universe: How Astronomers Know the Vast Scale of Cosmic Time . THE CHANGING UNIVERSE: EVOLUTION HAPPENS! . c) Changes in the Universe . ... In a universe that is not evolving, we should see as many of these hyper-active galaxy cores in each period of cosmic history. ... An Ancient Universe - Table of Contents . ... The Ancient Universe - The Age of the Expanding Universe - The Age of the Oldest Stars - The Age of Light From Distant Galaxies - The Age of the Chemical Elements | ...

Text of these problems is available also in other languages : . ... What can one see in the Moon's sky more often - the Sun or the Earth? ... There are about of 250 millions of stars in the elliptical galaxy M32 (a satellite of Andromeda galaxy). ... The masses of Capella's components. ... You are proposed to estimate the masses of Capella's components, using our observational data. ... A galaxy's mass. ... Estimate the mass of FGC 1908 and compare it to the mass of our galaxy. ...

Next: Description Up: OM Related CCF Components Previous: Generation from In-Orbit Data Contents . The analysis of calibration observations of fields observed in different positions of the detector has demonstrated that large sensitivity variations do not exist in OM data, or they are smaller than the errors of the photometry (a few percent). ... Something similar occurs with pixel to pixel variations (see 4.5.9 ). ... Generation from Ground Calibration Data . Generation from In-Orbit Data . ...

... Gravitational wave search provides insights into galaxy evolution and mergers . ... Four spiral galaxies in Leo . ... The double star 54 Leonis, spiral galaxy NGC 3198, and emission nebula NGC 3199 . ... Globular cluster NGC 2808, elliptical galaxy NGC 2986, and the Sextans Dwarf . ... Open cluster NGC 2818, spiral galaxy NGC 2964, and spiral galaxy NGC 2976 . ... Hubble observes galaxies' evolution in slow motion . ... The Omicron Velorum Cluster, spiral galaxy NGC 2784, and spiral galaxy NGC 2787 ...

... Development of Ideas of Structure and Evolution of Stars. Integral Features of Stars, Which Determine Their Structure, Direction and Rate of Evolutuion. ... Connection between Potential and Thermal Energy of Star. ... Structure of a Main Sequence Star. Features of Massive Stars Evolution on the Main Sequence. Internal Structure of the Sun. ... White Dwarfs, Their Features. ... Evolution from the Main Sequence of Massive Stars. ... Evolution of Small Mass Stars till White Dwarfs Sequence. ...

Class 1 Introduction, Background History of Modern Astronomy The Night Sky, Eclipses and the Seasons Kepler's Laws Newtonian Gravity General Relativity Matter and Light Telescopes Class 2 Solar System Characteristics Formation Exosolar Planets Class 3 Stars The S un Stellar Evolution of Low and High Mass Stars Deaths of Stars Exotic Stars Class 4 Galaxies Galaxy Classification Formation of Galaxies Galactic ... Low mass stars live and die differently than high mass stars. ...

spaceweb@oulu.fi - last update: 20 September 1998, 2020 UT (RR) . Traveling Convection Vortex (TCV) is a name given to a specific type of daytime magnetic impulsive events observed by high-latitude ground-based magnetometer arrays. Since the most likely source for TCVs is the solar wind , they are considered to be important processes in transfering energy from the solar wind into the magnetosphere . ... For example, one AMPTE Lithium release in the solar wind caused a TCV event . ...

Abstract -- The strengths of magnetic fields in interstellar gas clouds are obtained through observations of the circular polarization of spectral line radiation. ... To infer information about these irregularities from the observational data, we develop statistical relationships between the rms values of the irregular component of the magnetic field and spatial variations in the circular polarization of the spectral line radiation. ...

Next: Extinction efficiencies: general behaviour Up: Optical properties of cosmic Previous: Optical properties of cosmic . It is now evident that observed interstellar extinction cannot be explain using particles of only one kind. ... The intensity of radiation after passing a dust cloud is equal to . ... The interstellar extinction is . ... Next: Extinction efficiencies: general behaviour Up: Optical properties of cosmic Previous: Optical properties of cosmic root 2003-04-09 ...

STEP INTO THE BLUE - MEADE INSTRUMENTS PRODUCT GUIDE . ... Telescopes . LX850 Series . ... Superb optical performance coupled with time proven computerized pointing and tracking has made the LX200 ACF series a best-seller in the high-performance telescope class. ... LX70 Series . ... Meade's revolutionary LS LightSwitchтДв series of telescopes use advanced technologies to do what no other consumer telescopes have done before: take all the hassle out of using a telescope. ... LightBridge Series . ...

... 2012 March 20 . Evolution of the Moon . Video Credit: LRO , SVC , NASA . ... The Moon was likely created from debris expelled when a Mars-sized object violently impacted the Earth about 4.5 billion years ago. ... Rocks large and small continued to impact the surface, including a particularly large impact that created Aitken Basin about 4.3 billion years ago. ... Over the next few billion years lava flowed into Earth-side basins , eventually cooling into the dark maria we see today. ...

International Workshop NAROO-GAIA "A new reduction of old observations in the Gaia era", Paris Observatory, June 20-22, 2012 Registration of participants of Workshop NAROO-GAIA Before the first meeting OPENING OF THE WORKSHOP The natural planetary satellites are observed since centuries in order to understand their dynamics and their evolution. ... Science results, reports, data mining. ... L. Beauvalet: Strong need of a new reduction of Pluto's old observations W.Thuillot: very important. ...

Databases (NSDC) of the Natural Planetary Satellites. ... NSDC: Database of astrometric observations of Natural Planetary Satellites . ... They are thoroughly looking for observations in different sources, creating their owndatabases which are then mostly inaccessible to other researchers. ... In the file "content" with explications, the reference is given to the data source as well as the bibliographic reference. ... Data sources. ... Why a specific bibliographic database for Natural satellites? ...

... APT Activities and Science Results 3. ... APT Secretary Philip Edwards (ISAS) reviewed the aims of the APT (http://www.vsop.isas.ac.jp/apt/DefinitionAndAims.html). ... The Australia Telescope Compact Array, and Ceduna, Hartebeesthoek, Kashima, Mopra, Parkes, and Shanghai telescopes of the Asia-Pacific Telescope participated in these observations. ... In the absence of Tetsuo Sasao, Philip Edwards briefly described results of the APT 22 GHz observations conducted from October 1st to 5th, 1997. ...

... Future seminars . ... Long -term evolution of 27 days signal in solar activity and terrestrial magnetic indices - common features and differences ". ... The 27-day signal created by the solar rotation is reflected by the 27-day geomagnetic signal. We study the long-term evolution of the 27 days signal and compare its properties for solar and geomagnetic activity. ... We obtain that 'short' and 'long' period in the 27-days range are differently reflected in the solar and geomagnetic activity. ...

Crater Gassendi . ... I made this drawing was made on the 26th of november 2001. If you compare this one with the previous drawing of Gassendi (below) the differences are clear. ... This drawing was made on the 28th of september 2001. After nearly a full month without observations I had a one hour gap between the thicker clouds. ... This drawing was made on the 29th of august 2001. ... This drawing was made on the 27th of august 2001. ... This drawing was made on the 25th of august 2001. ...

NMW survey overview . Access image archive . ... The New Milky Way survey aims to detect bright (V<13.5) optical transients near the Galactic plane using an automated wide-field (8x6 deg.) system capable of surveying the whole Milky Way area visible from the observing site in one night. ... All images obtained during the transient search survey are available online (please use the image archive access form ). ... Images per field: . ... Images per night: . ... Milky Way imaging time: . ...

Orbit . ... The orbit of the RadioAstron provides four types of study: . rough images of radio sources with ultra-high angular resolution, using all baselines up to the radius of the apogee, that is much larger than Earth diameter; . ... high quality imaging of radio sources, with moderate resolution, by observing either with small projected base lines Earth-spacecraft, i.e. close to the orbital plane, or near the perigee. ... high accuracy orbit determination. ... Space Radio Telescope . ...