... A detector map is used to provide a grid of positions over which to calculate and flux weight the ARF. The default detector map is 'flat' which has a weighting of 1.0 for each detector map pixel and is rectangular having sides which just encompass the region specified in the DSS. Only detector map pixels falling within the source region are included in the ARF calculation, e.g. for a circular source box, the pixels in the corners of the detector map will be ignored. ... flat : . ...

Armed with these assumptions, observations, and laws, cosmologists try to build a theory of the development, or evolution, of the universe. ... Over the past 70 years, they have constructed and tested a theory that seems to explain the major properties of the universe: the Big Bang theory. ... This is an important point: The Big Bang theory allows for many different scenarios of the detailed evolution and composition of the universe. ... Because of a theory called nucleosynthesis. ...

SITE 2010 Comprehensive Characterization of Astronomical Sites Kislovodsk, Russia, 49 October 2010 Conference Summary Marc S. Sarazin*a a European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany Abstract The main topics discussed during the Site 2010 conference are outlined and the outcome is described. Keywords: Astronomical Site testing, precipitable water vapor, atmospheric turbulence, cloudiness, seeing 1. ... Site surveys for National observatory projects in China, India, and Iran benefit from this. ...

... Under conditions of the Earth gravitation we are using the method of semi-natural simulation of linear accelerations in the centrifuges with a mobile cab for simulation of G-loads, originating in a space flight. ... The major factor of the orbital flight, affecting a cosmonaut, is a weightlessness state, which causes essential changes in cardiovascular and vestibular systems operation. ... Under the Earth conditions you can "execute" a short-term space flight according to the following cyclogram: . ...

This group of four pages describes how the Arecibo 430 MHz radar makes simple measurements in the ionosphere. ... Radar Reflections From the Ionosphere . ... Or How are radio and TV stations like radars?) ... Consider two radio stations located on a mountain transmitting to a nearby city. ... A radar is like a radio station, but it has a receiver that picks up radio waves reflected from objects (targets). ... Although a radio station transmits continously, a radar can transmit short bursts of waves. ...

... It is found that the correlation coefficients between these two parameters calculated separately inside and outside the sunspot formation zone ±30 have cyclic variation and occur in anti-phase. This suggests different mechanisms of formation of the corona in the fields of small, medium, and large scales. ... The relationship between the coronal green line brightness (CGLB) and the magnetic field strength (MFS) has been investigated by constructing the corresponding synoptic maps for the 1977-2001. ...

spaceweb@oulu.fi - last update: 28 May 1995, 0800 UT . Advanced plasma theories are extremely important when one tries to explain, for example, the various waves and instabilities found in the plasma environment. ... In the kinetic theory it is necessary to know only the distribution function for the system of particles. ... The dependence of the distribution function on the independent variables r , v , and t is governed by an equation known as the Boltzmann equation . ... Hot plasma theory . ...

... An Orion of a Different Color . ... It is a familiar object though, the grand stellar nursery known as the Orion Nebula . But the striking picture combines images taken through three separate filters, each designed to record different emission lines - light from Sulfur, Oxygen, and Hydrogen atoms glowing in the tenuous nebular gas. At such low densities , Sulfur and Hydrogen atoms emit red colors while Oxygen glows green. ... Publications with keywords: Orion Nebula . ... The Heart Of Orion . ...

... DEPENDENCE OF ORDINARY WAVE ANOMALOUS ABSORPTION ON THE SOUNDING PROBLEM PARAMETERS . ... Transformation of electromagnetic wave into plasma waves plays an important role in different processes taking place in ionospheric plasma. ... According to modern point of view transformation of ordinary wave into plasma waves plays an important role in small-scale random irregularities generation when ionospheric plasma is heated by power radio wave [1,2]. ... Anomalous attenuation. ...

... The polarimetry group at the Arcetri Observatory has been working for several years, mainly from the theoretical-interpretative side, on the polarization of the radiation emitted by objects of astrophysical interest. ... E. Landi Degl'Innocenti "The physics of polarization" in "Astrophysical Spectropolarimetry", J. Trujillo Bueno, F. Moreno Insertis, F. Sanchez (eds.), Cambridge University Press, 1. ... E. Landi Degl'Innocenti "The Zeeman effect: applications to solar physics" Astron. ...

MICROWAVE CHAOTIC OSCILLATORS WITH CONTROLLED BANDWIDTH Nikolay A. Maximov, Andrey I. Panas Institute of RadioEngineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Mokhovaya St. 11, GSP-3, 103907, Moscow, Russia, E-mail: chaos@mail.cplire.ru Abstract ­ An approach to design of chaotic oscillators with controlled bandwidth in different frequency bands is proposed. ... In this report, we propose a new approach to design of chaotic oscillators with controlled bandwidth in different frequency bands. ...

... Comet Ikeya-Zhang, designated C/2002 C1 (Ikeya-Zhang), is named after Kaoru Ikeya of Shizuoka prefecture, Japan, and Daqing Zhang of Henan province, China, who independently discovered it on the night of 1 February 2002. A preliminary orbit reported the following day indicated that it would come moderately close to both the Earth and the Sun and that it might become visible to the naked eye during late March and April 2002. ... Bailey, M.E., Clube, S.V.M. and Napier, W.M. The Origin of Comets . ...

. Mars was imaged in great detail in 2005. New research indicates Earth's core formed under different conditions from those that existed on Mars. One possible explanation for this is the difference in mass between the two planets. With Earth being eight times larger than Mars, the pressure of core-formation could be higher. Different silicate phases also may have been involved. NASA/JPL/USGS

MODERN APPROACHES TO CALCULATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS FOR ENERGY STORAGE A. Kabanov Samara State University The modern technologies demands to compact and effective rechargeable systems of energy storage. ... In this work we investigated the activation energies of one promising compound ­ Li2CoPO4F using combination of two methods ­ ab-initio and geometrical calculations. ... The nudged elastic band (NEB) method is adopted to find the kinetic energy barrier along diffusion pathways. ...

... Clearing the library. Note the different flooтАж . Sidebar Left . Sidebar Top . ... Title: Clearing the library. Note the different floor levels. There were at least 4 different levels of underfloor in the library. Description: NOTE: All images and movies are copyright and must not be reproduced or mirrored in any form without written permission. ... NOTE: All images and movies are copyright and must not be reproduced or mirrored in any form without written permission. ...

Chair of solid state physics . ... The Physics of Phonons . ... In the first part of the course “The Physics of Phonons” the dynamics of atoms in one- and three- dimensional crystalline lattices is considered in detail. The quasiparticle conception in solids, taking phonons as an example, is discussed; creation and annihilation operators of phonons, main properties of acoustic and optical phonons dispersion laws, density of phonon states. ... Crystalline state. ... Acoustic and optical phonons. ...

... S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION ENERGIA . ... OAO RSC "Energia" . ... Flights Chronology . ... Acquiring new scientific information about the role of the right and the left heart in adaptation of the blood circulation system to long-term space flight conditions. ... Investigation of relations between hemodynamic and energetic characteristics of the heart in different phases of a long-term space flight. ... Data carrier "Cardiovector - Data". ... 2015 JSC "S.P. Korolev RSC "Energia" . ...

Databases (NSDC) of the Natural Planetary Satellites. ... NSDC: Database of astrometric observations of Natural Planetary Satellites . ... They are thoroughly looking for observations in different sources, creating their owndatabases which are then mostly inaccessible to other researchers. ... In the file "content" with explications, the reference is given to the data source as well as the bibliographic reference. ... Data sources. ... Why a specific bibliographic database for Natural satellites? ...

... Research objects and scientific purposes . Space scientific program includes development and launch of two supersmall spacecrafts "Universitetskiy" and "Kompas-2" intended for monitoring of radiation conditions near the Earth. ... All the studies conducted in the near-Earth space are characterised by strong radiation fields. ... The circular polar orbits, which cover all the near-Earth space, are the most favorable for comprehensive studies of the radiation conditions near the Earth. ...